The paper introduces contrastive explanations for Quantitative Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks (QBAFs), a formalism used to represent and reason with information. Unlike traditional explanations that focus on a single argument, contrastive explanations highlight the differences between two topic arguments. The authors propose a general form of contrastive attribution functions (CAFs), present CAFs based on removal, gradients, and Shapley-values, and demonstrate their applicability in healthcare and bias identification contexts.
By Xiang Yin, Nico Potyka, Antonio Rago, Francesca Toni
The study investigates how large language models (LLMs) perform in a double auction market, a common economic mechanism. By replacing human participants with LLM agents, the authors find that markets with LLMs converge more slowly or not at all, leading to less efficient resource allocations. Analysis of trading decisions reveals significant variation across model families and roles, and a lexical study of Chain-of-Thought traces links trade execution to a shift from strategic thinking to urgency.
By Pawel Struski, Jakub Swistak, Inez Okulska, Przemyslaw Biecek
The paper presents a SciBERT-based method for automatically classifying scientific papers into four telescope-related categories—science, instrumentation, mention, and not telescope—within strict 512-token limits. Despite truncation challenges, the approach achieved a macro F1 score of 0.89, topping the WASP-2025 leaderboard. The authors analyze truncation effects, compare chunking and long-context models, and offer insights into efficient scientific text curation.
By Madhusudhana Naidu
The paper introduces a unified rate–distortion framework for discrete visual tokenization, encompassing vector, product, and scalar quantization. It shows that minimizing distortion, rather than maximizing codebook utilization, is the key objective for reconstruction fidelity and establishes fairness conditions for comparing quantizers. Under these conditions, the study confirms the distortion hierarchy VQ–PQ–SQ and demonstrates that modern VQ methods achieve the lowest distortion.
By Xianghong Fang, Wenlong Mou, Yuan Yuan, Dehan Kong, Tim G. J. Rudner
The paper introduces a scalable method for creating pseudo-triplet data—comprising a reference utterance, a direction text, and a modified utterance—to train direction‑following text‑to‑speech (TTS) systems. It uses an impression‑controllable TTS model to generate style variations and a large language model to generate natural language directions from estimated impression differences. Experiments show that these pseudo‑triplets enable stable speaker‑preserving modifications, and combining them with recorded data further improves direction alignment while maintaining speaker similarity.
By Kenichi Fujita, Yusuke Ijima
The paper introduces a new training paradigm for text-based world models that prioritizes behavior consistency over traditional state consistency metrics. It proposes the Behavior Consistency Reward (BehR), a step-level metric that evaluates how the likelihood of a logged next action changes between real and predicted states using a frozen Reference Agent. Experiments on WebShop and TextWorld demonstrate that BehR-based training improves long-term alignment, reduces false positives in offline evaluation, and yields modest gains in lookahead planning while maintaining or enhancing single-step prediction quality.
By Youling Huang, Guanqiao Chen, Junchi Yao, Lu Wang, Fangkai Yang, Chao Du, ChenZhuo Zhao, Pu Zhao, Qingwei Lin, Saravan Rajmohan, Dongmei Zhang
The paper introduces Conditional Diffusion Posterior Alignment (CDPA), a method that scales diffusion-based sparse‑view CT reconstruction to large 3D volumes by conditioning a 2D U‑Net diffusion model on an initial 3D reconstruction and enforcing data‑consistency alignment. CDPA addresses high memory demands, limited 3D training data, and slice‑wise inconsistencies, achieving state‑of‑the‑art performance on synthetic and real Cone Beam CT data. The authors also demonstrate that the same approach improves fast denoising U‑Nets, delivering near‑diffusion quality at a fraction of the computational cost.
By Luis Barba, Johannes Kirschner, Benjamin Bejar
The paper introduces EqGrid, a closed‑loop simulation that uses a low‑frequency, open‑weight LLM policy agent to set price, carbon limits, and subsidies for a community of empirically‑grounded household personas, while high‑frequency multi‑agent RL traders clear a continuous double auction on a physically constrained IEEE‑33‑bus grid. It demonstrates that the LLM can reduce energy‑poverty inequality—lowering the Gini of energy burden from 0.351 to 0.305 and mean burden by 28%—without increasing net grid cost, and that a compressed sub‑1B model retains 92–95% of this benefit at dramatically lower inference energy. The study also establishes a compute‑efficiency frontier and a decoupled‑safety design that eliminates grid violations.
whyItMatters":"By showing that a lightweight LLM can effectively manage energy markets to reduce poverty and inequality while staying energy‑efficient, the work offers a practical, low‑carbon AI solution for humanitarian energy‑poverty interventions."
By Kunal Jadhav, Siddhesh More
The paper examines how Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Named Entity Recognition (NER) affect the quality of lay summaries of radiology reports. Using a framework that extracts clinically relevant findings via NER and grounds them with RAG, the authors evaluate few‑shot and fine‑tuned versions of Qwen and BioBART. Results show that NER consistently improves readability and overall quality, RAG alone offers no benefit and can introduce hallucinations, and the best performance comes from fine‑tuned BioBART with NER.
By Egecan \c{C}elik Evgin, \.Ilknur Karadeniz, Olcay Taner Y{\i}ld{\i}z
The paper introduces Chameleon, a two‑stage training framework for cross‑domain image compositing that separates style and content representations. It first trains a ChameleonEncoder using Joint Hard Contrastive Learning to disentangle style and content, then applies Spatio‑Temporal Attention Gating within a diffusion transformer to stylize the foreground while preserving its identity. The authors also release ChameleonDataset, the first large‑scale training set for cross‑domain compositing, and demonstrate that Chameleon outperforms existing in‑domain, cross‑domain, and commercial models in both plausibility and stylistic fidelity.
By Sukhun Ko, Soo Ye Kim, Jihyong Oh
FairLens is a benchmark and evaluation framework that measures fairness and validity of vision‑language models (VLMs) in high‑stakes domains such as hiring, legal, and healthcare. It uses over 100,000 face‑image and question pairs covering gender, race, and age, and assesses responses through demographic parity, soundness, demographic association, and bias in free‑text generation. The study finds that VLMs often make unwarranted inferences from faces rather than abstaining, especially in legal and healthcare contexts, and that small parity gaps can still hide unsafe treatment across groups.
By Vahid Reza Khazaie, Ahmed Y. Radwan, Shaina Raza
The paper introduces CAPTURE, a system designed to help personalized language agents distinguish genuine preference changes from temporary context shifts or malicious memory poisoning. CAPTURE employs a neural differential-equation belief tracker, a multi-timescale memory ledger, uncertainty-triggered clarification, and counterfactual auditing to resolve ambiguity. Experiments on 480 episodes from 96 users show CAPTURE outperforms baseline methods, limiting poisoning success while accepting most real preference updates.
By S M Asif Hossain, Ruksat Khan Shayoni, Md Kishor Morol
The paper surveys efficient GUI agents, emphasizing that practical deployment requires more than task success—it must also minimize context, computation, action budget, and runtime overhead. It reviews key efficiency dimensions—observation, memory, action, and planner/system—and identifies recurring strategies such as selective reading, global-to-local visual allocation, recoverable memory, verification-aware control, and hybrid runtimes. The authors highlight open challenges, including accurate verifier cost accounting, benchmark comparability, and co-design of observation, memory, and execution layers under real latency and privacy constraints.
By Bizhe Bai, Jiakang Yuan, Hongming Wu, Xinyue Wang, Jie Ren, Siyao Chen, Yuchen Ya, Fan Bai, Pai Peng, Huafeng Qin, Tao Chen
Debias‑SparseGPT is a post‑training pruning technique that adds a representational debiasing term based on demographically contrasting inputs to mitigate bias amplification caused by weight sparsification. The method is validated across various generative LLMs and sparsity levels (25%, 50%, and structured 2:4), consistently reducing pruning‑induced bias while maintaining perplexity and zero‑shot accuracy. In the most aggressive 2:4 sparsity regime, enriching the calibration set with long‑context, content‑rich examples further improves both downstream performance and fairness.
By Irina Proskurina, Guillaume Metzler, Antoine Gourru, Julien Velcin
The paper introduces a black-box membership inference attack framework tailored for fine-tuned text-to-speech models, addressing challenges in query generation and representation engineering. It evaluates five query types, finding recitation queries most effective, and uses multi-level speech embeddings with temporal alignment for fine-grained comparison. Experiments on CosyVoice2, F5-TTS, and XTTS-v2 trained on VCTK and British Dialect datasets show high privacy leakage, with speaker-level AUC above 0.80 and record-level AUC between 0.80 and 0.90.
By Kunlin Cai, Kaiyuan Zhang, Zihang Xiang, Jinghuai Zhang, Abeer Alwan, Fnu Suya, Yuan Tian
LF-MultiDiffusion is a training‑free method for generating spherical panoramas that extends MultiDiffusion by adding linear projections between target and reference image spaces. It reformulates latent aggregation as a regularized least‑squares problem and solves it with a Krylov‑based iterative solver during denoising, enabling denser and more natural mappings. The approach reduces the number of generator evaluations, improves inference speed by 15.36×, and yields better visual quality, text alignment, and panoramic consistency compared to the strongest training‑free baseline.
By Akio Hayakawa, Yusuke Mukuta, Tatsuya Harada
IDEA is a training‑free, input‑dependent steering method for large language models that matches activations to cluster‑specific directions aligned with a target concept. It clusters positive and negative activation supports per attention head, solves an optimal‑matching problem to create a pool of cluster‑conditional directions, and selects the best match for each input at inference time. This approach preserves the input’s original representation while improving the truth × info rate on TruthfulQA by an average of 9.9% (up to 23.5%) over input‑independent baselines.
By Zheng Wang, Muchen Li, Renjie Liao, Yan Leng
GenCAR introduces a method for out‑of‑distribution recommendation that balances utility and risk by controlling the proxy‑label false discovery rate (FDR). It frames the problem as an α‑Valid Counterfactual Recommendation (α‑VCR) task, coupling counterfactual supervision with calibrated set selection using conformal p‑values and Benjamini–Hochberg filtering. The approach theoretically bounds counterfactual approximation error and guarantees finite‑sample, distribution‑free FDR control under various dependence assumptions, and empirical results show improved OOD candidate recovery across benchmarks.
By Qianqian Wang, Yunshan Li, Jiawen Zeng, Wenwu Gong, Lili Yang
The paper presents a hardware‑accelerated instance segmentation framework tailored for resource‑constrained lunar robotics, addressing low‑light perception, limited compute, and radiation‑induced hardware faults. It introduces Activation Variance Informative Sampling (AVIS), a label‑free calibration method that selects samples based on activation variance, and deploys a YOLO‑based model on a Deep Learning Processor Unit with architectural tweaks to reduce CPU fallback and ensure bounded latency. A software‑level criticality analysis estimates fault exposure, guiding mitigation that reduces global criticality by 31.7%, while AVIS with bias correction recovers 69.8% of quantization‑induced accuracy loss at 309 ms latency and 5.7 W power consumption.
By Siddhant Shete, Hilmi Dogu K\"uc\"uker, Udo Frese, Frank Kirchner
The paper investigates 12‑class body‑only emotion recognition from skeleton motion using a leave‑performer‑out evaluation, where chance accuracy is 8.3% and a reproduced STGCN++ baseline scores 25.73% Macro‑F1. By ensembling eleven models with orthogonal error modes, the authors achieve 36.80% Macro‑F1, a 43% relative improvement over the baseline. They also introduce a tested explanation suite that demonstrates the ensemble’s decisions rely on motion‑grounded body‑region evidence, aligning strongly with Laban Movement Analysis attributes rather than classical kinematics, while showing diffuse temporal saliency.
By Naoto Nishida, Yoshio Ishiguro