Alignment, interpretability, red-teaming, bias and privacy: the research on what these systems do when they misbehave.
arXiv:2608. 01898v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Increasing EEG pretraining data scale or model capacity does not consistently improve downstream performance.
arXiv:2605. 02942v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Fairness studies of medical imaging AI often explain subgroup performance gaps through under-representation in the training data.
arXiv:2608. 00048v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) generation is essential for alleviating data scarcity and enabling large scale neural modeling in brain computer interface applications.
arXiv:2608. 02229v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Classical neural networks frequently produce overconfident predictions on ambiguous or out-of-distribution (OOD) data, a liability that grows with each AI system deployed in safety-critical real-world scenarios.
arXiv:2608. 02088v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable photovoltaic (PV) forecasts are needed for low-carbon energy systems, but newly deployed sites often have short, imperfect records.
arXiv:2608. 01184v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Data-free continual model merging must incorporate a stream of specialized models while retaining both pretrained general knowledge and previously acquired tasks, without access to task data.
arXiv:2608. 00915v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Uplift modeling (conditional-average-treatment-effect estimation) drives personalized targeting, yet published uplift benchmarks frequently disagree on which estimator performs best; we show the disagreement is substantially about metrics, not models.
arXiv:2608. 00850v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a versatile approach for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), yet achieving high accuracy efficiently using these techniques remains challenging for high-dimensional or multiscale systems.
Recent advances in Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have enabled remarkable progress in visual synthesis, benefiting from their superior scalability. To facilitate DiTs' capability of capturing meaningful internal representations, recent works such as REPA incorporate external pretrained encoders for representation alignment.
Frontier AI model developers increasingly rely on layered safeguards to prevent catastrophic misuse, but little public evidence exists on how much protection these safeguards provide, or how consistently across developers. We introduce the FAR.
Merchant risk control at large payment platforms screens tens of millions of merchants daily, where false positives harm legitimate merchants and false negatives leave harmful activity undetected. The hardest cases require jointly understanding a merchant's textual profile and long behavioral sequence.
Revenue forecasts guide acquisition budgets, demand planning, and customer-based valuations, yet an aggregate forecast does not show whether change reflects acquisition, repeat purchasing, spending per order, or offsetting movements. Using weekly transaction panels for 966 companies in 25 industries, the authors develop the Customer-Based Multi-task Transformer (CBMT), which learns shared structure, retains separate primitive forecasts, and aligns their combination with downstream revenue.
3D point cloud registration in laparoscopic surgery estimates the transformation between an intraoperative organ reconstructed from video and its preoperative mesh. Because ground-truth transformations are unavailable for real data, supervised networks are trained on synthetic organ pairs.
By leveraging data from video-based perception systems, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) support safety-critical applications that improve road safety. However, adversaries may manipulate video frames to compromise downstream perception modules, causing failures in safety-critical functions and increasing risks to vulnerable road users.
Sequential decision-making in real-world applications often involves uncertainty about the environment's model. Uncertain Markov decision processes (UMDPs) represent the possible environments as a set of MDPs with shared states and actions but potentially different transition probabilities and rewards.
Can scientific abduction occur without continuous sensorimotor embodiment? Recent arguments in AI and philosophy of science hold that genuine hypothesis generation requires an agent continuously coupled to the physical world.
With AI systems gaining more access to individuals' information, it is important to protect privacy when reporting statistical answers. Equally important is to privatize the reporting of uncertainty in such answers.
Trust is fundamental in modern regulatory ecosystems, and compliance checking plays a critical role in fostering that trust. Regulatory compliance verification is essential for businesses operating in highly controlled environments, as it ensures alignment with sector-specific guidelines across domains such as financial reporting, data privacy, and cybersecurity.
Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuned (PEFT) models are frequently downloaded from open repositories by practitioners. This widespread practice creates a significant attack surface, as malicious actors can publish backdoored models that induce specific behaviors in response to predefined triggers.
Credit risk detection, particularly mitigating individual fraud, is crucial for maintaining the stability of digital financial ecosystems. Accurately identifying credit fraud among billions of users is critical for minimizing financial losses and safeguarding the sustainability of inclusive financial services.