Policy optimisation, reward modelling and RLHF — how models are trained by feedback rather than by labels.
arXiv:2505. 02722v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across general domains, their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains limited.
arXiv:2607. 17003v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Imitation learning enables learning a policy in an unknown environment with a latent reward signal using expert demonstrations, but it struggles when the imitator's and expert's observations are mismatched and unobserved confounders are present in expert demonstrations.
arXiv:2607. 17317v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous systems rely on a perception module to navigate through dynamic environments.
arXiv:2607. 17572v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a powerful reinforcement learning algorithm for aligning generative models with human preferences.
arXiv:2607. 18004v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many visual reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms learn representations by matching latent distances to a behavioral distance induced by reward and transition similarity.
arXiv:2607. 17191v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human-like private chat requires more than fluent response generation: a system must preserve persona, relationship, memory, bounded knowledge, medium-specific timing, and a coherent multi-turn arc.
arXiv:2510. 23472v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Chip placement is a vital stage in modern chip design, and black-box optimization (BBO) has been applied to it for decades.
arXiv:2607. 17038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper addresses key technical challenges in current large language model (LLM) agent applications, including long-horizon planning, sparse reward attribution, and dynamic environmental interaction, by designing and optimizing an intelligent agent workflow.
arXiv:2607. 16534v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved strong results in control, yet learned policies remain brittle to changes in dynamics, action spaces, observation spaces, or goals, a critical limitation for real-world deployment.
arXiv:2607. 16194v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In modern financial markets, decision-makers increasingly rely on quantitative methods to navigate complex trade-offs among multiple, often conflicting objectives.
arXiv:2605. 20209v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Achieving precise, versatile whole-body character control in physics-based animation remains challenging.
arXiv:2607. 16240v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Direct Alignment Algorithms (DAAs) such as DPO have become a common way to post-train and align LLMs with human preferences.
arXiv:2604. 26256v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a critical paradigm for LLM post-training, yet the rollout phase -- accounting for 50--80% of total step time -- is bottlenecked by skewed generation: long-tailed trajectories indispensable for model performance block the entire training pipeline.
arXiv:2510. 00037v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In Vision-Language-Actionf(VLA) models, robustness to real-world perturbations is critical for deployment.
arXiv:2607. 16903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Value-aware AI systems require explicit computational representations of human values (groundings) and their aggregation into value systems in order to align their decisions with ours.
arXiv:2607. 17855v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bayesian inference provides a principled foundation for reasoning under uncertainty, but its computational cost hinders deployment on resource-constrained edge devices.
arXiv:2607. 16872v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are a promising alternative to autoregressive generation.
arXiv:2507. 05077v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep neural networks are increasingly applied in automated histopathology.
arXiv:2607. 18006v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models achieve strong reasoning performance, but often at prohibitive training cost - a challenge that is especially acute for compact models ($\leq 4 \, \mathrm{B}$ parameters) trained under limited budgets.
arXiv:2602. 21492v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central post-training paradigm for large language models (LLMs), but its performance is highly sensitive to the quality of training problems.