arXiv:2505. 02722v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across general domains, their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains limited.
arXiv:2608.22622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical decision-making relies on identifying relevant patient information to guide diagnosis and treatment, a challenge that is especially difficul...
arXiv:2609.24480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare requires robust performance across two complementary dimensions - diagnostic reasoning: the conv...
arXiv:2607. 07761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important tools in healthcare, showing growing potential for clinical reasoning and patient care.
The paper reviews how Large Language Models (LLMs) are being adapted for medical reasoning, moving beyond single-step answers to systems that can systematically, transparently, and verifiably reason. It introduces a taxonomy of enhancement techniques, split into training-time methods such as supervised fine‑tuning and reinforcement learning, and test-time methods like prompt engineering and multi‑agent systems. The review examines their application across text, image, and code modalities in key clinical areas—diagnosis, education, and treatment planning—and tracks the shift in evaluation benchmarks from simple accuracy to more nuanced assessments of reasoning quality and visual interpretability.
arXiv:2607. 02983v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent reasoning-centric Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides, yet they predominantly operate on a passive-inference pattern that assumes complete information.
The paper introduces MIMIC-DOS, a dataset derived from MIMIC-IV that focuses on ICU cases where patient symptoms and medical signs are discordant. It presents CARE, a privacy‑compliant multi‑stage agentic reasoning framework that uses a proprietary LLM to generate structured categories and transitions, while a local LLM performs evidence acquisition and decision‑making. In retrospective evaluations on MIMIC‑DOS, CARE outperforms other LLMs and agentic workflows, demonstrating stronger handling of conflicting clinical evidence while preserving patient privacy.
The paper introduces DeToxR, a reinforcement‑learning‑enhanced large language model designed to support decision making in acute toxicology cases. It fuses unstructured narratives from paramedics and patients with structured vital‑sign data to predict co‑ingested substances across 14 classes. In preliminary validation, DeToxR outperforms baseline models, achieving higher micro‑F1 and recall scores for poison identification.
ClinicalGPT‑R1 is a reasoning‑enhanced generalist large language model designed for disease diagnosis. It was trained on 20,000 real‑world clinical records and uses diverse training strategies to improve diagnostic reasoning. In benchmarks, it outperforms GPT‑4o on Chinese diagnostic tasks and matches GPT‑4 performance in English, demonstrating superior disease‑diagnosis capabilities.
arXiv:2606. 28692v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Treatment reasoning underpins every therapeutic decision, integrating disease context, comorbidities, medications, contraindications, and evolving biomedical knowledge to select an appropriate therapy.
arXiv:2606. 01094v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical order generation serves as a critical bridge between clinical decision-making and real-world practice, translating medical decisions into concrete and executable orders.
arXiv:2610.00562v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Longitudinal clinical reasoning requires large language models (LLMs) to identify and integrate relevant evidence distributed across extended patient...
arXiv:2608.20887v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic Medical Coding (AMC), which assigns standardized International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to clinical notes, is essential for m...