Classical and neural NLP: translation, question answering, tokenization and the evaluation of language understanding.
arXiv:2606. 26422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Researchers increasingly use text classification--supervised models or large language models--to measure constructs from natural language, providing metrics such as recall and precision as evidence of their validity.
arXiv:2606. 27215v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep learning models have achieved impressive performance across various fields but remain vulnerable to adversarial inputs, particularly in NLP, where such attacks can have significant real-world consequences.
arXiv:2606. 27023v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) applied to Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) tend to produce overconfident outputs regardless of actual correctness, and existing verbalized confidence calibration methods, developed primarily for text only LLMs, do not account for the multimodal nature of medical image understanding.
arXiv:2606. 26902v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-task model merging aims to consolidate several task-specific experts into a unified model, yet static merging consistently suffers from parameter interference.
arXiv:2606. 27242v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training-free source selection for LLM families with shared vocabularies arises in scientific string domains such as SMILES, protein, and genomic sequences, where candidate corpora share a tokenizer but differ in prediction targets.
arXiv:2606. 26449v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-augmented systems routinely present citations alongside generated answers, yet a citation does not confirm that the corresponding source meaningfully shaped the output.
Verifying the eligibility of securities as collateral is a key responsibility of the German Central Bank. However, manually verifying these assets against legal and financial criteria within lengthy, semi-structured, and often bilingual prospectuses is a resource-intensive task.
Translation cascades for reasoning translate the query from another language to English, reason in English, and translate the answer back to the original language. This is a competitive approach to multilingual reasoning, but structurally lossy, since each stage discards information later stages may need, including cues for cultural grounding, register, and disambiguation.
Evaluating LLM outputs remains a major bottleneck in NLP: human evaluation is expensive and slow, lexical metrics correlate poorly with human judgments on open-ended generation, and holistic LLM judges often produce opaque scores that are hard to debug. We propose BINEVAL, a framework that decomposes evaluation criteria into atomic binary questions and aggregates the resulting verdicts into interpretable, multi-dimensional scores.
Kolmogorov Arnold networks (KAN) have recently been introduced as a (deep) neural network architecture whose trainable parameters adapt the activation functions, instead of the coefficients of the affine transformations at the core of traditional architectures such as deep multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). This architecture builds on the Kolmogorov-Arnold theorem, which endows it with universal approximation properties.
Multi-task model merging aims to consolidate several task-specific experts into a unified model, yet static merging consistently suffers from parameter interference. While dynamic merging models aim to bridge this gap, many works rely on the costly storage and loading of redundant expert components at inference.
arXiv:2606. 25519v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantization is widely used to reduce the inference cost of large language models, but its effect on reasoning models is not fully captured by final-answer accuracy or per-token latency.
arXiv:2606. 25147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: User modeling in industrial recommender systems typically produces dense embeddings, which suffer from representational constraints inherent to fixed-dimensional vectors.
arXiv:2606. 25987v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) attain remarkable surface fluency on code, yet they neither formally guarantee the syntactic validity of their output nor leverage the hierarchical structure defining the target language.
arXiv:2405. 01741v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliability of AI systems is a fundamental concern for the successful deployment and widespread adoption of AI technologies.
arXiv:2605. 31220v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Confidence estimation (CE), i.
While corporate narrative disclosures provide crucial information to capital markets, comprehensively evaluating their qualitative changes over time remains challenging. Narrative text is inherently multidimensional, meaning that an improvement in one textual dimension often occurs alongside changes in others.
Was this person ever at that place, and if so, when? Answering such questions from noisy, multilingual historical documents is the central challenge of HIPE-2026, the third edition of the HIPE evaluation series.
We introduce SurgAtlas, the largest surgical video-language dataset to date, comprising 15,291 videos (2,391 hours) spanning 18 surgical specialties and over 5,000 procedure types, sourced entirely from publicly available YouTube content. SurgAtlas is also the first surgical video-language dataset to include open surgery at scale, with 6,182 open procedure videos alongside over 9,000 minimally invasive recordings, and the first to establish standardized benchmarks for open-surgery video understanding.
When people share experiences online, they often express thoughts in two ways: a star rating and a written review. In sentiment analysis, ratings are widely used as convenient weak labels for textual sentiment, yet whether the two actually agree is rarely questioned.