The paper evaluates how robust large language models are at generating SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) when the underlying RTL code undergoes semantics‑preserving transformations such as operand reordering, identifier renaming, and redundant parenthesization. Using a curated dataset and two open‑source models (Qwen2.5‑Coder‑7B and DeepSeek‑Coder‑V2‑Lite), the authors find that 9.7%–27.0% of behaviors that were correct on the original RTL become incorrect after transformation, revealing significant instability that aggregate accuracy metrics can hide.
By FNU Aditi
The paper critiques current evaluations of efficiency methods for large language model–based multi‑agent systems, arguing that reported gains are often inflated by method‑specific prompts and starting topologies. It introduces a controlled, MAS‑demanding diagnostic benchmark that standardizes the backbone model, agent registry, and runtime, and systematically varies topology, scale, depth, and tool use. The authors find that many claimed efficiency improvements are setup‑dependent, sometimes stemming from structural collapse or random pruning rather than genuine, robust gains.
By Jiamu Zhang, Lingxi Zhang, Pengjun Lu, Qiyue Zhang, Yu-Neng Chuang, Zhengchen Li, Shuai Xu, Vipin Chaudhary, Hanjie Chen
The paper introduces LeDQeR, an approach that uses large language models to automatically generate data quality rules for rule‑based enterprise tools. It follows a generate‑filter framework where the LLM proposes candidate rules from dirty data, and four filters ensure the rules are executable, correct, generalizable, and non‑redundant. Experiments show that LeDQeR produces effective, compact rule sets across diverse datasets and error types.
By Anna-Christina Glock, Thomas H\"utter, Johannes F\"urnkranz, Wolfram W\"o{\ss}, Christine Dominka-Kiss, Lisa Ehrlinger
The paper introduces Stable-MM-R1, a framework that stabilizes reinforcement learning for multimodal reasoning by addressing training instability and entropy collapse. It proposes Potential‑Aware Query Mining (PAQM) to filter data toward high‑potential samples and Hybrid Stratified Replay (HSR) to restructure batches using path entropy and reward stratification, reusing stability anchors and hard negatives. The method demonstrates superior performance on complex reasoning tasks compared to strong baselines.
By Yimeng Ye, Shuang Chen, Wenxuan Huang, Manyuan Zhang, Kaituo Feng, Zhangquan Chen, Jiayu Chen, Yucheng Zhou, Yicheng Xiao, Zhiyuan Feng, Tianyu Shi
ProcArena is a new benchmark for evaluating large language models on natural‑language to PL/SQL translation tasks. It contains 3,998 executable tasks across 157 databases, covering nine development subscenarios in PostgreSQL and Oracle, and supports both direct generation and interactive multi‑turn scenarios. Experiments on seven models show that even the best performers achieve only about 62% accuracy in direct mode and 58% in interactive mode, highlighting the difficulty of realistic NL‑to‑PL/SQL development.
By Hang Zhang, Chaokun Wang, Yuzhi Pan, Ziyao Zhong, Shuo Cao, Yue Xue, Zeyu Huang, Xingwei Zhou, Fang Niu, Bofan Xie, Guanchen Ge, Leqi Zheng, Ziyang Liu, Xiannian Cao, Pengcheng Ge
arXiv:2609. 07344v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) based agents are increasingly applied to cybersecurity tasks such as vulnerability discovery and automated penetration testing.
By Weizhe Wang, Yitong Zhang, Yao Zhang, Xiaoqiang Di, Zhigang Li, Bin Wu, Guangquan Xu
The paper introduces a pipeline for creating a high‑quality European Portuguese (PT‑PT) web corpus, drawing from 411 TB of raw data from Arquivo.pt. It adds a novel post‑scraping step that removes boilerplate and duplicate lines before filtering, boosting the final document yield by 19.04%. The pipeline also incorporates language identification, weighted fuzzy deduplication, and neural quality classification to produce a clean, representative dataset suitable for large‑language‑model pre‑training.
By Gon\c{c}alo Vinagre, Rui Pedro Guerra, Pedro Gomes, Miguel Moura Ramos, Duarte Miguel Alves, Afonso Simpl\'icio, Diogo Tavares, David Semedo, Daniel Gomes, Jo\~ao Magalh\~aes
The paper investigates whether recent attention‑mechanism improvements—specifically gated attention, Kimi K3, Kimi Delta Attention, and Attention Residuals—effectively eliminate the attention‑sink problem when scaling language models to a one‑million‑token context window. Using a new diagnostic suite called SinkProbe, the authors evaluate sink mass, massive activation, position‑resolved recall, and the recency gap across four small models that vary only in token mixing and depth. Their findings show that the training objective, rather than the architecture, drives the emergence of attention sinks; gating did not replicate its previously reported benefits at the larger scale, and sink mass, activations, and positional bias behaved independently.
By Sara Rizwan, Samaanah Abdus Salam
TontaubeV1 is a streaming text‑to‑speech model that preserves natural prosody while running on a single consumer GPU. It encodes speech with a hierarchical DualCodec representation at 12.5 Hz, separating a semantic stream from successive acoustic refinements, and uses Qwen3‑derived transformers to predict the semantic stream, utterance duration, and acoustic refinements. The system supports up to one minute of reference audio for voice conditioning, streams with a 200 ms latency to first audio, and achieves real‑time factors of 0.08 (single input) and 0.02 (eight concurrent inputs).
By Fritz Cremer, Jonathan Cremer
The paper introduces a three-tier persona vector for user simulation in evaluating LLM agents, comprising 23 dimensions across demographics, behavioral traits, and emotional states, plus a query-complexity overlay. It demonstrates that these nuanced personas generate diverse, scenario-reactive conversations, leading to significant variations in agent goal achievement and compliance across different contexts. The model’s design allows for reproducible, auditable user behavior patterns without relying on learned covariance matrices.
By Rahul Khedar, Eshita, Sneha Teja Sree Reddy Thondapu, Mayank Malhotra, Arup Kumar Das, Jitesh Chandra Mishra, Arun Menon, Avinash Karn, Mouli V
Celty introduces a co-designed sparse format, GPU kernel, and SIMT microarchitecture to efficiently handle Sparse Matrix‑Sparse Vector (SpMSpV) workloads in large language model inference. Its Run‑Length Compressed CSC (RLC‑CSC) format allows vectorized loading of compressed weight columns and skips memory accesses by exploiting both weight pruning and activation sparsity. The Celty Sparse SIMT Core adds a pipelined RLC decoder that eliminates software index reconstruction and uses local registers for conflict‑free accumulation, achieving up to 5.3× speedup over cuBLAS at 70% dual‑sparsity.
By Ruokai Yin, Priyadarshini Panda
SocialRL is a multi-turn reinforcement learning framework that refines large language models’ social intelligence. It uses PPO to propagate delayed outcome rewards across turns, enabling long‑horizon planning, and introduces six process reward dimensions—such as goal advancement and relational attunement—to capture the goal‑relationship trade‑off. A reward model provides fine‑grained scoring and a stage‑aware weight schedule prioritizes relationship building early, goal pursuit mid‑way, and balanced closure later, yielding an average 9.2 percentage‑point improvement in goal achievement across multiple social‑dialogue benchmarks.
By Jianing Wang, Xintao Wang, Aili Chen, Jie Shi, Hongcheng Guo, Jun Gao, Wenxuan Zhao, Chengkun Lang, Yuanli Guo, Yanghua Xiao
The paper presents a two‑stage large language model pipeline for e‑commerce attribute extraction. First, it discovers a compact, ranked set of purchase‑discriminative attributes for each product category; second, it extracts those attribute values from catalog text using a fine‑tuned Qwen3‑4B model with Hyper‑Parallel Decoding. The approach attains 85% extraction accuracy while cutting inference costs by 92%, enabling scalable production use and producing consistent, comparable product knowledge bases.
By Nikhita Vedula, Dushyanta Dhyani, Bryan Wang, Shervin Malmasi
5-Dialects-BN is a new Bangla dialect benchmark that aligns Romanized transliteration with dialectal text, Standard Bangla, English, and subjectivity labels across five regional varieties. The dataset contains 6,000 manually annotated entries from Chittagong, Barisal, Noakhali, Sylhet, and Rangpur, each enriched with five aligned annotations produced and cross‑validated by native speakers and linguistics students. It supports tasks such as dialect identification, normalization, translation, subjectivity classification, and efficient fine‑tuning of multilingual LLMs.
By Md Mahir Jawad, Galib Mahmud Jim, Rafid Ahmed, Mir Sazzat Hossain, Md Fahim, Md Farhad Alam Bhuiyan
The paper introduces DNE‑ElecDeb, an enriched version of the USElecDeb dataset that annotates Debate Named Entities (DNEs) in both argumentative and non‑argumentative spans, and defines Debate Named Entity Recognition (DNER) as a new task. It proposes Joint Argument and Entity Tagging (JAET), a generative framework that fine‑tunes decoder‑only LLMs to insert inline argument and entity tags into debate turns while preserving the original transcript. JAET achieves significant improvements in joint AM+DNER performance (+27.3% relative F1 in the untyped setting and +41.9% in the typed setting) over sequential pipelines, and these gains generalize to Persuasive Essays (+26.6% and +52.7%).
By Lucio La Cava, Stefano Francesco Monea, Sergio Greco
arXiv:2609.10321v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Knowledge distillation offers an efficient route to transfer a task-adapted vision-language teacher to a compact student. The training target in curren...
By Hongyuan Zhang, Xianda Guo, Yanlun Peng, Qianlong Yang, Yubin Guo, Pinhan Fu, Mulin Chen, Xiaozhen Qiao, Ping Luo
arXiv:2609.09662v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) directly on mobile platforms at the edge is gaining traction due to a myriad of benefits, such as increased pr...
By Weisi Yang, Stephen Xia
arXiv:2609.10355v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Video understanding has rapidly evolved toward video large language models (VideoLLMs): systems that couple video representations with pretrained lar...
By Killian Steunou, Yannis Tevissen, Moun\^im A. El Yacoubi
arXiv:2609.10397v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Exception Related Code (ERC), which includes throw statements, conditions (if statements) that guard those throw statements, and try/catch blocks, is...
By Linghan Zhong, Jiyang Zhang, Jayanth Srinivasa, Junyi Jessy Li, Milos Gligoric
arXiv:2504.00285v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective at deceiving when prompted to do so. Models that demonstrate better performance on reasoning tasks are a...
By Samuel M. Taylor, Benjamin K. Bergen