Neptune is an end‑to‑end data‑driven framework that emulates global ocean and sea‑ice states for subseasonal‑to‑seasonal (S2S) forecasting up to 60 days. It combines Convolutional Neural Networks and Spherical Fourier Neural Operators to capture both local features and global cross‑scale interactions, producing daily outputs for temperature, salinity, currents, sea‑surface height, and sea‑ice metrics at 1° and 0.25° resolution. Evaluated against metrics such as RMSE, CRPS, ACC, and climate indices (ENSO, IOD), Neptune reproduces the spatio‑temporal evolution of oceanic fields and remains stable over long timescales.
Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecasting is societally critical, supporting decision-making in sectors ranging from water and agricultural management to disaster risk reduction, energy planning, and...
arXiv:2606. 02610v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are essential to climate science but computationally expensive, limiting ensemble size and forcing scenarios.
OceanDepths is the first open, global, AI‑ready dataset that pairs satellite‑derived sea surface temperature, salinity, and height with co‑located EN4 subsurface temperature and salinity profiles, complemented by GLORYS12 reanalysis data. It covers 2000–2024 at 0.1°×0.1° spatial resolution and weekly temporal resolution, providing over 9.5 million paired profiles interpolated to 50 depth levels. The dataset’s 4‑D multivariate structure, high resolution, long temporal extent, and extreme sparsity of subsurface observations make it a challenging testbed for novel AI methods, with demonstrated use in subsurface state reconstruction and potential for observation‑based forecasting.
arXiv:2608. 10022v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The large-scale oceanic and atmospheric forecasts provided by global climate models typically lack sufficient resolution to accurately capture the response of the coastal ocean to atmospheric forcing and coastal circulation that drive fine-scale SST variability.
arXiv:2606. 12141v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate forecasting of sea surface temperature (SST) in regional seas such as the East Sea is crucial for monitoring marine ecosystems, assessing climate risks, managing fisheries, and conducting naval operations.
Reliable global ocean forecasting is critical for climate monitoring, marine navigation, and extreme event early warning. Physics-based ocean forecasting models impose prohibitive computational costs,...
arXiv:2607. 19147v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-driven methods have revolutionized ocean modeling, yet current approaches rely heavily on complete reanalysis datasets, imposing computational constraints and limiting model performance to that of the training data.
arXiv:2607. 16731v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Marine biogeochemical forecasting is increasingly important for managing marine ecosystems and the carbon cycle, yet global, seasonal forecast products lag far behind physical oceanography, held back by the complexity of the processes involved and by data scarcity.
arXiv:2512. 03606v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate marine wind forecasts are essential for safe navigation, ship routing, and energy operations, yet they remain challenging because observations over the ocean are sparse, heterogeneous, and temporally variable.
arXiv:2608. 16070v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable global ocean forecasting is critical for climate monitoring, marine navigation, and extreme event early warning.
arXiv:2506. 19340v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Whole-atmosphere models such as WACCM-X resolve coupling from the Earth surface to the Mesosphere-Lower-Thermosphere (MLT), and Ionosphere-Thermosphere (IT) systems with expensive computational costs.
arXiv:2608.21767v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate modeling of sea ice concentration (SIC) evolution is essential for polar climate assessment and short?range sea ice prediction. Numerical and...