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Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI
Sep 30

Which Attention Heads are like the Human Head? Not the Ones that Compute

The study investigates whether attention heads in large language models that align with human EEG signals are causally involved in model computation. By ablating these brain‑aligned heads during a pattern‑completion task, the authors find that while such heads contribute to performance, their removal is less disruptive than removing heads selected by attribution patching. The research also distinguishes two families of brain‑aligned heads—novelty and repetition heads—highlighting that novelty heads track human attention but are less critical than random ablation, whereas repetition heads modestly aid performance and align with abstract‑pattern representations.

By Christopher Pinier, Gustaw Opie{\l}ka, Hannes Rosenbusch, Taylor Webb, Michael D. Nunez, Claire E. Stevenson
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arXiv AI
Sep 30

Diagnosing and Improving Probabilistic Reasoning in Large Language Models

The paper introduces a decision‑theoretic framework that splits a large language model’s decision loss into belief formation and action selection components. Using a synthetic benchmark, it evaluates how reinforcement‑learning interventions on beliefs, decisions, or both affect these components across three domains. The study finds that targeting a single component improves that part but may not transfer to others, while jointly targeting both improves both only when training and evaluation formats match.

By Huaman Sun, Dingcheng Wang, Jason Hartline, Jessica Hullman
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arXiv AI
Sep 30

GeoOutageBench: Benchmarking Ambiguity-aware, Ontology-grounded Geospatiotemporal KGQA for Multimodal Power Outage and Resilience Analysis

arXiv:2609.36082v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce GeoOutageBench, a benchmark for assessing LLM-based geospatiotemporal KGQA for multimodal outage and resilience analysis. Unlike existing...

By Ethan D. Frakes, Amy Kvien, Rishabh Kundu, Redad Mehdi, Van D. Tran, Vibha S. Mandayam, Kristopher O. Davis, Erika I. Barcelos, Roger H. French, Yinghui Wu, Mengjie Li
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arXiv AI
Sep 30

Support-Set Target Leakage in Relational Foundation Models during In-Context Learning: Model Dependence and Evaluation Reliability

arXiv:2609.36417v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Relational in-context learning (ICL) uses labeled support examples and their linked relational context to predict labels for new queries. This creates...

By Roshan Reddy Upendra, Alexandre Dorais, Joe Meyer, Andrew Pouret, Anastasios Lambrianos Stappas, Dinesh Katupputhur Ramprasath, Viswanath Ganapathy, Tom Palczewski, Minghua Li
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