AI agents

Tool use, function calling, orchestration and the protocols that let models act rather than only answer.

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arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

ToM2Vec: Continuous Theory-of-Mind Tokens for Multi-Agent Coordination

ToM2Vec introduces continuous theory-of-mind tokens that enable large language model agents to reason about multiple possible partner states in multi‑agent settings. By training these tokens to abstract partner thoughts, the model generates latent representations that condition agents’ thoughts and actions, improving performance across collaborative, competitive, and mixed‑motive environments. The approach demonstrates that latent reasoning outperforms text‑based reasoning and generalizes to unseen partner models, with tokens encoding partner beliefs, desires, and next actions.

By Nithin Sivakumaran, Ali Payani, Hyunji Lee, Mohit Bansal, Elias Stengel-Eskin
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

VeriEvolve: Evaluator-First Evolution for Tool-Using Agents

VeriEvolve is an evaluator-first evolution framework that first builds an executable evaluator from task instructions, then uses this evaluator as a frozen fitness signal while evolving agents. The system generates challenge states and counterfactual test cases to refine the evaluator across rounds, producing 30 evaluators for 30 MCPMark Filesystem tasks with perfect agreement on generated suites and high agreement on held-out states. Evaluator-guided evolution significantly improves externally verified success rates for GLM-5.2 and Claude, and cross-environment studies reveal complementary limits from observability, state representation, and search/execution capacity.

By Yueshen Li, Kamer Ali Yuksel, Gokhan Tur, Dilek Hakkani-T\"ur, Jo\~ao Pedro Maia
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

MOSAIC: An Omni-Modal Benchmark for Long-Term Memory and Cross-Modal Reasoning in Conversational Agents

arXiv:2610.29249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Omni-modal assistants must remember not only what users say, but also what they show and convey. Existing long-term memory benchmarks are mostly text-a...

By Hong Ting Tsang, Boyi Zhang, Haoyu Huang, Jiaxin Bai, Yufei Li, Yisen Gao, Zhongwei Xie, Hongyu Luo, Jeff Z. Pan, Yangqiu Song
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

World of SWECraft: Agent Collaboration at Scale via Simulated Software Worlds

The paper introduces Software World, a framework that simulates multi‑agent collaboration within realistic software ecosystems. It generates environments of interdependent Python packages and lets agents maintain and improve them, measuring collective speedup in hidden dependent packages. Experiments across three worlds and eight models show that performance improvement scales with inference‑time compute, with the best model boosting downstream efficiency by up to 31%.

By Shannon Zejiang Shen, Yapei Chang, Qiyao Liang, Benjamin Newman, Jenny Liang, Rulin Shao, Ziqiao Ma, Junjie Oscar Yin, Yung-Sung Chuang, Weijia Shi, Yejin Choi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Pang Wei Koh, Mohit Iyyer, Tongshuang Wu, David Sontag
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

HybridResearcher: Bridging the Structured-Unstructured Boundary for Deep Research Agents

arXiv:2610.24899v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While LLM agents are increasingly capable of gathering and synthesizing evidence from a single homogeneous source, such as structured tables...

By Soyoung Yoon, Peiran Xu, Han Wang, Ruofan Wu, Xiaodong Yu, Feng Yan, Mohit Bansal, Debiao Li, Seung-Won Hwang, Yuxiong He, Zhewei Yao
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition

arXiv:2605.11388v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Humans intuitively solve complex problems by flexibly shifting among reasoning modes: they plan, execute, revise intermediate goals, resolve ambigu...

By Dean Light, Michael Theologitis, Kshitish Ghate, Shuyue Stella Li, Benjamin Newman, Chirag Shah, Aylin Caliskan, Pang Wei Koh, Dan Suciu, Yulia Tsvetkov
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

Evolving with Open Worlds: Towards Recursive Self-Improvement for Future Forecasting

arXiv:2610.29784v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) systems are released with frozen parameters and improve through external updates, whereas an ideal syste...

By Zhipeng Chen, Yunsen Liang, Yanxi Chen, Hongkang Zhao, Lingyun Feng, Ruiyang Ren, Guoxin Chen, Jia Deng, Feng Chang, Chuan Hao, Ran Tao, Jian Yang, Ji-Rong Wen, Bryan Dai, Wayne Xin Zhao