Tool use, function calling, orchestration and the protocols that let models act rather than only answer.
arXiv:2607. 28986v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Zero-shot image captioning (ZIC) describes images without paired image-caption supervision during captioner training, relying on text-only corpora and frozen pretrained image-text scorers.
arXiv:2607. 29677v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Enterprise workflows increasingly rely on agents for \emph{schema-guided extraction}: given a document and a user-defined schema, the agent faithfully follows the schema to produce the correct output with source evidence as grounding metadata.
arXiv:2607. 28977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning of Hamiltonian dynamics has driven growing interest in Hamiltonian neural networks (HNNs), which encode Hamilton's equations of motion into the learning architecture.
arXiv:2604. 04468v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Evaluating retail strategies before deployment is difficult, as outcomes are determined across multiple stages, from seller-side persuasion through buyer-seller interaction to purchase decisions.
arXiv:2607. 29559v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) systems are typically trained using a single, well-specified scalar reward function.
arXiv:2607. 29577v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Games and simulators make valuable benchmarks by turning decisions into measurable outcomes, but many current suites under-test rules-rich tactical reasoning: the ability to choose well when geometry, timing, resources, objectives, and rule interactions all matter at once.
arXiv:2607. 29078v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) trains student models on their own rollouts to reduce exposure bias.
arXiv:2607. 28826v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous Cyber Operations (ACO) are increasingly important for defending enterprise networks as cyber threats continue to evolve in sophistication.
arXiv:2607. 28908v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reflection, the ability to revisit and revise prior reasoning, is central to how humans improve their answers.
arXiv:2607. 28947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to solve complex problems by searching over program space, offering a general paradigm for scientific problems that can be naturally represented and solved as programs.
arXiv:2506. 22174v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The transport industry has recently shown significant interest in unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), specifically for port and inland waterway transport.
arXiv:2605. 28276v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning algorithms are commonly analyzed (and designed) under the Markov assumption.
arXiv:2606. 29495v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As LLM-based conversational agents advance toward increasingly open-ended and interaction-intensive scenarios, task completion alone provides an incomplete assessment of their effectiveness.
arXiv:2607. 28685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agent-safety benchmarks measure different behaviors, and their scores get quoted interchangeably as an agent's safety.
arXiv:2607. 28877v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Verification consumes the majority of modern chip design effort, yet the formal verification tools that provide mathematical guarantees of correctness remain expensive and restrictively licensed.
Geographic Information System (GIS) professionals rely on multi-step spatial analysis workflows to support decision-making in urban planning, disaster response, and environmental monitoring. The process is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone.
Reference-based text evaluation metrics, which are widely used to assess natural language generation systems, score a candidate response by comparing it with a reference response. The reliability of an evaluation metric is usually judged by its statistical correlation with human ratings.
We evaluate large language models (LLMs) as language agents playing goal-directed dialogue games in self-play across 30 languages: the 24 official EU languages plus six others. Unlike static or preference-based evaluation, this paradigm is multi-turn, reference-free and programmatically scored, and because the game mechanics are language-agnostic it extends to a new language by localising a fixed set of prompt and word-list files.
Two prompts can request the same code change and produce the same correct patch, yet cause a coding agent to perform radically different kinds and amounts of work. We study this effect in a preregistered benchmark spanning 4,644 valid runs, 24 deterministic coding tasks, seven reasoning models, and two real agent harnesses.
Generating long-form content from extensive internal reports remains challenging for organizations operating under strict privacy and security constraints, where proprietary cloud-based LLM APIs are often not viable. While locally deployed open-weight models offer a privacy-preserving alternative, existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approaches on smaller models frequently lack effective global planning and accumulate factual inconsistencies over long outputs.