The paper examines whether large language model (LLM)-powered systems, such as OpenAI’s Swarm (OAS) framework, embody the core principles of classical swarm intelligence—decentralization, simplicity, emergence, and scalability. By implementing and comparing LLM-based and classical versions of Boids and Ant Colony Optimization, the authors find that while LLM swarms can mimic swarm-like dynamics, they suffer from significant computational overhead, with the LLM-based Boids simulation taking about 300 times longer than its classical counterpart.
arXiv:2606. 31404v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human swarm intelligence demonstrates remarkable collective accuracy but faces scalability constraints in cost, coordination, and time.
SwarmWorld demonstrates that homogeneous language‑model agents can self‑organize into evolving technological societies without assigned roles or direct communication. In a spatial environment, agents explore, process resources, construct artifacts, and write executable controllers that are later evaluated by a deterministic simulator. The resulting societies develop broader, more resilient technological portfolios than isolated search, with agents differentiating into exploration, construction, maintenance, and coordination roles as the world matures.
arXiv:2606. 04484v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Training reinforcement learning (RL) policies for large language model (LLM) agents requires optimizing multi-turn trajectories that interact with external environments.
SwarmBench is a new benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) as orchestrators of agent swarms, assessing accuracy, efficiency, cost, and process quality. The study finds significant variations in orchestration performance among current models, affecting not only final outcomes but also the quality of the orchestration process itself. To address these gaps, the authors introduce SwarmExp, a method that uses experience extraction and replay to consistently enhance LLM orchestration performance.
arXiv:2606. 04202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As LLMs become more widely deployed, they are increasingly expected to work alongside other AI agents rather than operating in isolation.
arXiv:2606. 04484v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present AgentJet, a distributed swarm training framework for large language model (LLM) agent reinforcement learning.
arXiv:2506. 12078v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the dynamic evolution of complex social phenomena requires both high-fidelity modeling of human behavior and large-scale simulations.
We present AgentJet, a distributed swarm training framework for large language model (LLM) agent reinforcement learning. Unlike centralized frameworks that tightly couple agent rollouts with model optimization, AgentJet adopts a decoupled multi-node architecture in which swarm server nodes host trainable models and run optimization on GPU clusters, whereas swarm client nodes execute arbitrary agents on arbitrary devices.
arXiv:2505. 11765v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Agents powered by advanced large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse complex applications.
arXiv:2607. 28629v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid transition from reactive large language models (LLMs) to persistent, action-capable systems has exposed critical gaps in the architectural understanding of Agentic AI, particularly in separating inference, orchestration, and execution layers for autonomous AI agents.
arXiv:2610.01569v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms increasingly rely on language-model agents to provide adaptive mission-level reasoning in uncertain environments...
arXiv:2603. 03555v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems scale, evaluating their emergent coordination dynamics becomes increasingly critical.