arXiv Computation and Language By Subhadeep Pal, Fiona Y. Wang, Markus J. Buehler

SwarmWorld: Stigmergic technological evolution in societies of language-model agents

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SwarmWorld demonstrates that homogeneous language‑model agents can self‑organize into evolving technological societies without assigned roles or direct communication. In a spatial environment, agents explore, process resources, construct artifacts, and write executable controllers that are later evaluated by a deterministic simulator. The resulting societies develop broader, more resilient technological portfolios than isolated search, with agents differentiating into exploration, construction, maintenance, and coordination roles as the world matures.

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