The paper introduces the Constrained Triple-Head Price Optimization (C3PO) network, a transformer-based model designed for real‑time bi‑level decision making in discrete‑choice settings. C3PO integrates price imitation learning, multi‑task revenue prediction, and in‑context elasticity learning, while a lightweight differentiable constraint layer enforces business pricing rules. Experiments on simulated, synthetic, and real‑world datasets show that C3PO outperforms calibrated MNL baselines by up to 7.9 percentage points in expected revenue and reduces constraint violations by over 50%, with significant improvements in healthcare tender and airline ancillary pricing applications.
arXiv:2602. 08261v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Auto-bidding systems strive to maximize marketing value while maintaining high compliance with efficiency constraints, such as Target Cost-Per-Action (CPA).
arXiv:2604. 05845v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Auto-bidding services optimize real-time bidding strategies for advertisers under key performance indicator (KPI) constraints such as target return on investment and budget.
arXiv:2609.16952v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Feature-based multi-product pricing uses customer characteristics to identify demand heterogeneity and tailor prices across products. Choice model tr...
The paper introduces LLP, a Large Language Model–based generative framework for pricing second‑hand products on consumer‑to‑consumer platforms. LLP retrieves similar items to capture market dynamics, then uses LLMs to generate price suggestions, refined through supervised fine‑tuning and group relative policy optimization. A confidence‑based filter rejects unreliable predictions, and experiments show LLP outperforms prior methods, achieving higher static adoption rates when deployed on Xianyu.
arXiv:2608. 03142v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study contextual dynamic pricing with arbitrary covariate sequences and bounded, possibly nonbinary purchase quantities.
The paper introduces a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) framework for model marketplaces, treating MoE as a market-level coordination mechanism rather than a learning architecture. Brokers use gating networks to combine heterogeneous experts into a composite service, while a cost-aware gating mechanism and a revenue allocation rule distribute residual revenue based on expert participation and execution cost. Experiments on fifteen tabular and image benchmarks show that MoE Market achieves higher welfare and lower expected cost than standard MoE, with competitive predictive performance and reduced computational overhead compared to exact Shapley allocation.
arXiv:2606. 06830v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data-driven pricing is increasingly prevalent in sectors such as airlines, lending, insurance, and retail.
OneBid is a unified auto‑bidding foundation model that consolidates diverse cost‑per‑X (oCPX) advertising scenarios into a single framework. It builds on Decision Transformer by conditioning on two atomic signals—Return‑to‑Go for conversion value and Cost‑to‑Go for cost ratio—and incorporates value‑aware regularization. A sequence‑level Mixture‑of‑Experts architecture captures cross‑scenario knowledge while preserving low latency, and a Critic‑guided Relative Offline Policy optimization (CROP) aligns the backbone with scenario‑specific preferences without unsafe online exploration. In production at Kuaishou, OneBid achieved a 2.2% overall ADVV increase and up to 13.1% in the ROAS scenario.
arXiv:2512. 22749v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the pricing behavior of third-party platforms facing strategic agents.
arXiv:2606. 16183v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop an LLM-powered virtual population model that simulates demand for pricing decisions, in settings where products are described by rich unstructured information, such as text descriptions and images, and where decision makers need not only mean-demand predictions but also uncertainty estimates for counterfactual prices.
The paper presents a reinforcement learning framework for training autonomous large language model agents to act as sellers in multi-product bargaining markets. It models the problem as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process and introduces a structured message protocol to map natural language into a regulated decision space. Using Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards, the trained agents match limited inventory to buyers more effectively, achieving seller surplus extraction and allocation quality comparable to or better than trillion‑parameter models, and generalize to unseen market conditions.
arXiv:2606. 26787v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Traditional dynamic pricing models in large-scale e-commerce suffer from limited interpretability, poor utilization of unstructured information, and misalignment with long-term business objectives such as cumulative Gross Merchandise Value (GMV), Return on Investment (ROI) and milestone achievement.