arXiv Machine Learning

From Structural Equation Modelling to Double Machine Learning: Robustness Analysis for Survey-Based Research

arXiv:2607. 00512v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Structural equation modelling (SEM) is widely used in survey-based business and information systems research to assess latent constructs and theory-driven structural relationships.

arXiv AI
Sep 3

AI Contextual Measurement for Recovering Individual and Group-Level Effects: Validation Against Survey Measures and an Occupational Application

The paper introduces AICOME, a framework that uses AI-derived respondent-level measures to recover both individual and group-level effects in contextual models. By applying AICOME to the 2022 China Family Panel Studies, the authors validate that AI measures can replicate key survey variables such as computer use, foreign-language use, weekly hours, and management responsibilities, especially when rich respondent and job data are available. The study also identifies boundary conditions, noting reduced performance when only occupation and basic demographics are used or when multiple related constructs are simultaneously unobserved.

By Wenxin Jiang, Xuyang Wang, Yuxiao Wu
Hugging Face Trending Papers
Jul 28

SPARC Segmentation to Prediction via Affine Regression and Counterfactuals

Transaction propensity prediction in B2B e commerce presents unique challenges distinct from B2C contexts, primarily due to the heterogeneous procurement behaviors of organizational entities, which violate SMOTE's implicit assumption of within class feature homogeneity. Specifically, B2B buyers exhibit multi modal procurement cycles that render linear interpolation between minority class samples structurally invalid, producing synthetic data that does not represent real purchasing behavior.

arXiv AI
Sep 15

Synthetic Data in Marketing Research: How to Evaluate and When to Trust

The paper discusses the use of synthetic data in marketing research, arguing that the key question is not whether synthetic respondents work, but when they do. It categorizes synthetic data into three types—ungrounded LLM responses, segment-level personas, and individual-level digital twins—and maps each to the decisions they can support. The authors also propose a taxonomy of accuracy measures, highlight the forgotten question problem, and introduce an ex‑ante answerability diagnostic based on R² to improve twin-human correlation.

By Oded Netzer, Rajan Sambandam
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 4

Validity Threats for Foundation Model Research

arXiv:2606. 05029v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Controlled experiments are the backbone of machine learning research, but at the scale of modern foundation models, they have become prohibitively expensive.

By Gunnar K\"onig, Martin Pawelczyk, Ulrike von Luxburg, Sebastian Bordt
arXiv AI
Aug 6

Item Response Theory for AI Safety

arXiv:2608. 05086v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models differ in how safely they behave and these differences are measured by safety benchmarks.

By Joshua Fonseca Rivera (Independent), Neil Shah (Independent), David Demitri Africa (UK AI Security Institute), Konstantinos Voudouris (UK AI Security Institute)
arXiv AI
Jun 2

Business Utility of Large Language Models as Exploratory Data Analysis Agents

arXiv:2606. 00051v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in analytical workflows, but their suitability as exploratory data analysis (EDA) agents in business settings remains uncertain.

By Rafa{\l} {\L}ab\k{e}dzki, Patryk Miziu{\l}a, Hubert Rutkowski, Szymon Betlewski, Cezary Depta, Szymon Janowski, Jaros{\l}aw Kochanowicz, Jan Kanty Milczek