Alignment, interpretability, red-teaming, bias and privacy: the research on what these systems do when they misbehave.
Large language models are increasingly evaluated through the values they endorse, but such evaluations presuppose that models can identify the value expressed in a concrete situation. We study this prerequisite as controlled top-1 recognition over Schwartz's ten basic values.
Visible-infrared (VIS-IR) alignment is a key pre-training task for robust multi-sensor perception. Most existing methods use uniform patch-wise contrastive learning, but this can be unreliable in VIS-IR data because imaging-physics differences make some spatially paired regions inherently less comparable, and aligning them with equal strength hinders representation learning and downstream transfer.
Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent Arabic answers, yet factual errors remain difficult to detect, localize, explain, and verify. Existing hallucination benchmarks often provide response-level labels, with limited support for identifying the exact erroneous content, explaining why it is incorrect, or selecting the correct factual answer.
Additive models buy interpretability by forbidding feature interactions, a constraint that neural instantiations enforce architecturally. We introduce the quadrilateral loss, a differentiable penalty that treats additivity as a measurable behavior instead: a second-order mixed difference on pairs of training points swapping one coordinate, which vanishes if and only if the coordinate carries no interaction, remains informative for piecewise-linear networks, and equals in expectation the per-coordinate interaction mass of the interventional Shapley-GAM.
The rapid growth of chiplet-based artificial intelligence systems-on-chip (SoCs) has exposed a fundamental gap in semiconductor test methodology. Existing Known Good Die (KGD) screening guarantees pre-assembly functional correctness, yet it offers no probabilistic assurance of post-assembly reliability lifetime.
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it investigates whether newer generative models are getting better at pastiching contemporary artworks.
LLM-based agents leverage third-party skills to extend their capabilities in open-world scenarios. However, third-party skills can introduce extra security vulnerabilities, as seemingly harmless skills can contain latent safety risks that only emerge during actual execution.
Stereo matching is a fundamental task in 3D reconstruction. Despite remarkable advances, the prevailing paradigms formulate stereo matching as a deterministic regression problem, collapsing the multimodal distribution modeling into a single-point estimation.
Knowledge distillation (KD) is a standard approach for compressing sequence-to-sequence models, but its per-sample effects are rarely examined. On the BanSum Bangla summarization benchmark, we find that standard KD improves ROUGE-L by only +0.
Agent safety is moving from content moderation toward preventing operational failures before tool-using agents act. We propose Janus, a foresight-oriented framework for long-horizon agent safety that trains guards to anticipate delayed risks from partial trajectories.
Discovering the direct causes and effects of a target variable from observational data is a fundamental problem in causal discovery, with broad applications in domains such as gene regulatory analysis and biomedical research. Existing causal discovery methods either learn a global causal structure, which incurs substantial computational cost, or assume the absence of latent variables and selection bias, assumptions that are often violated in real-world settings.
With the wide application of large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios, the value implication of their outputs is crucial. However, existing evaluation benchmarks suffer from insufficient coverage of value dilemmas in daily scenarios involving multiple value conflicts and simplistic evaluation formalisms that fail to assess LLMs' value alignment.
Text-driven 3D scene editing with 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) typically applies a 2D diffusion editor to views rendered from fixed training cameras, limiting both the spatial coverage of edits and the user's freedom to target specific objects in complex scenes. We present LB-Edit, a framework that addresses two coupled problems: where to place editing cameras for localized edits, and how to make per-view edits agree with one another so that the 3D scene remains consistent after fine-tuning.
Geo-spatial rasters of building footprint area are useful for a variety of tasks, such as monitoring urbanization, improving energy efficiency, and tracking greenhouse gas emissions. There are now multiple global building raster datasets, however there lacks an independent, comprehensive, and fair assessment of their accuracy.
Although large language models (LLMs) have recently gained traction in recommender systems due to their strong reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge, previous LLM-based agents suffer from hallucination and context-length limitations, and thus are not suitable for full-ranking recommendation tasks. To circumvent these limitations through architectural design rather than modifying the LLM itself, we propose an agent-based recommendation framework, memory-based $\textbf{P}$ersonalized $\textbf{R}$ecommendation $\textbf{T}$ool learning via autonomous language $\textbf{A}$gents (PRTA), in which an LLM acts as a central planner interacting with multiple recommendation models as tools.
arXiv:2607. 18305v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Some limits on what language models know are not gaps in data coverage but structural properties of learning from text.
arXiv:2607. 18240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can achieve strong fact-checking accuracy, yet forced binary decisions conceal a critical reliability problem: systems may issue confident verdicts even when supporting evidence is weak, sparse, or internally inconsistent.
arXiv:2607. 19321v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI agents begin to automate AI R&D, we need ways to assess whether their outputs are safe to deploy, even when the agents themselves may be untrusted.
arXiv:2607. 19190v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-to-sim conversion for robotic interaction with objects remains labor-intensive because it requires more than visual reconstruction: a streamlined real2sim process must recover scene geometries and object states, infer physical parameters, and assemble actors, objects, cameras, poses, and trajectories into a runnable physical simulation.
arXiv:2603. 03989v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When visual evidence is ambiguous, vision models must decide how to interpret face-like patterns.