This paper reports a fully localized, low‑resource framework that runs a trillion‑parameter biomedical large language model on a single consumer‑grade RTX 4060 laptop (32 GB system memory, 8 GB VRAM) and routine clinical workstations. The system completes an entire tumor‑paired whole‑genome sequencing workflow—from raw FASTQ input to a clinical‑grade full‑variation‑spectrum report—in 18 hours at 30× depth, achieving a 99.62 % F1 score for somatic variant detection and over 99.9 % concordance with an industrial‑standard A100 cluster pipeline. The study demonstrates that adaptive heterogeneous memory scheduling accounts for 71 % of execution time and that model optimization adds less than 9 % of detection error, establishing a low‑cost, high‑accuracy pathway for global primary medical institutions to adopt precision oncology without expensive GPU clusters.
By Rui Xiao, Yili Xu
The paper proposes a Mixture-of-Bottleneck (MoB) framework for video-based multimodal sentiment analysis that treats sentiment as an ordinal regression problem, splitting it into polarity recognition and intensity prediction. MoB assigns modality‑specific latent experts to each sub‑task, learns compact, task‑relevant representations via an information bottleneck, and fuses these experts with a multimodal bottleneck routing module and hard mining strategy. Experiments on four datasets and language models demonstrate that MoB captures fine‑grained intra‑ and inter‑modal dynamics, improving performance and enabling more trustworthy localization of nuanced sentiment signals.
By Ronghao Lin, Qiaolin He, Zefeng Lu, Yichu Liu, Li Huang, Sijie Mai, Haifeng Hu, Yap-peng Tan
Lumen is a pathology vision‑language model that aligns frozen unimodal foundation models (Virchow2 and BioMedBERT) using rank‑4 adapters and projection heads, training only 0.40% of the total parameters on the QUILT‑1M corpus. It achieves the highest mean chance‑corrected balanced accuracy (0.546) across nine zero‑shot patch benchmarks and demonstrates strong performance on lymph‑node metastasis detection, with AUROC scores of 0.964 internally and 0.955 externally. While it ranks third in cross‑modal retrieval, Lumen’s low‑parameter training yields competitive results at both patch and slide levels.
By Kiarash Tajbakhsh, Abdelrahman Faqieh, Michael Jopiti, Javier Garcia-Baroja, Philipp Zens, Branislav Zagrapan, Yuri Tolkach, Martin D. Berger, Aurel Perren, Bastian Dislich, Inti Zlobec, Amjad Khan
The paper presents a decoupled framework for sim-to-real traffic scene understanding, separating semantic fact extraction from caption generation. It uses a frozen V-JEPA encoder for predictive scene representations and a lightweight Llama-based predictor for VQA, followed by a training-free structured refinement that leverages statistical priors, inter-question relationships, and temporal consistency. The refined facts are then fed to Qwen3-VL-8B to produce pedestrian and vehicle descriptions, achieving top performance on the 2026 AI City Challenge Track 2 benchmark with 87.09% VQA accuracy and an overall S2 score of 60.0853.
By Nguyen Hoai Thuong Bui, Thanh Nguyen Vo, Trinh Tra Giang Nguyen, Ha Duc Bui
GVD (Governed Versioning and Deduplication) is a framework that unifies cross‑document version linking with rule‑level conflict resolution under an auditable update policy. It assigns incoming documents to version families via bidirectional rule alignment, then compares their rules against family memory to detect duplicates, contradictions, asymmetric refinements, and new knowledge, using Counterfactual Span Probing (CSP) to correct neutral misclassifications. In a test on 120 enterprise documents across 59 version families, GVD achieved an F1 of 0.97 for version‑family construction and 0.94 for rule‑level consistency, with CSP improving rule consistency from 0.90 to 0.94.
By Mohammadreza Sediqin, Shivali Dalmia, Sumukha Thoppanahalli, Abhishek Mukherji
The paper introduces PIVOT, a dual-level learning framework designed to improve visually-grounded multimodal reasoning in large vision-language models. PIVOT employs a self‑calibrated experience replay mechanism to selectively reuse valuable visual reasoning trajectories, and a vision‑guided advantage allocation scheme that assigns extra rewards to tokens with strong visual support. Experiments on multiple benchmarks show that PIVOT enhances the multimodal reasoning performance of these models.
By Xinxin Song, Siyuan Li, Tingxiong Xiao, Jinli Suo
AutoTuneBench introduces a trustworthy measurement protocol for evaluating how large language model agents auto‑tune GPU kernels and serving engines. The benchmark addresses four failure modes—strawman baselines, machine‑dependent timing, saturated tasks, and infrastructure defects—by enforcing code‑frozen protocols, database validation, anti‑cheat checks, pre‑registered comparisons, and external result anchoring. Using this protocol, the authors demonstrate that previously reported speedups are inflated, revealing more modest improvements across different engines and machines.
By Li Chen
The paper introduces WFM, a Wiki Foundation Model designed to support complex agentic reasoning by combining dense document contexts with markdown-based topological linkages. It formalizes a Wiki Graph schema that preserves explicit topologies while embedding continuous semantics, and employs a query‑conditioned attentive aggregation for efficient message passing. The authors also propose an NCCL‑based protocol to reduce distributed system overhead, achieving a 10.5× training speedup and strong performance on long‑term memory and multi‑hop reasoning benchmarks.
By Junnan Dong, Linhao Luo, Senlei Zhang, Gong Chen, Taian Guo, Yifei Yu, Rong Tao, Tao Guo, Qian-Wen Zhang, Siyu An, Ruizhi Qiao, Xing Sun
The paper presents a systematic mapping of recent chess research involving humans, engines, neural and reinforcement‑learning systems, large language models (LLMs), and hybrid approaches. It identifies 84 core study families and classifies them by agent type, strategic‑reasoning stages, and evaluation dimensions, highlighting a strong focus on situation assessment, evaluation, and action selection while noting gaps in planning, explanation, metacognition, and human–AI collaboration. The study also distinguishes hybrid systems by integration timing and cautions that improved human performance in evaluations does not automatically imply human–AI synergy.
By Paolo Ciancarini, Remo Pareschi
The study investigates whether unusually high‑gain parameters in transformer models—specifically gated feed‑forward network (gated‑FFN) rows—play a critical functional role across both text and genomic foundation models. By computing exact bilinear weight operators and testing structural extremeness, the authors find that high‑gain rows are enriched for functional importance but do not reliably predict causal effect size or severity. The analysis reveals model‑specific causal organizations, including super‑additive interactions in DNABERT‑2 and position‑localized dependencies in GENERator, indicating that structural prominence signals enrichment rather than calibrated criticality.
By Alexandros Tzanakakis, Aris Karatzikos, Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
The paper investigates where the transition from memorization to generalization occurs within a Transformer. Using Transition Games—activation games with paired non-generalizing controls—it finds that distributed utility gain is driven by a block‑0 attention bias, with degree‑two modes explaining 67–92% of the contrast across replacement games. A detailed path study shows that block‑1 MLP mediates more of this effect than other downstream paths, contradicting the common "MLP memorizes, attention generalizes" hypothesis and suggesting that grokking is a spectral recoding of an existing distributed circuit rather than a module switch.
By Dekun Yang
The paper introduces MAGER, a multi-agent genetic evolution framework that automatically discovers meta-paths for large language models (LLMs) to reason about fake news propagation graphs. By compressing complex propagation structures into informative subgraphs, MAGER reduces modality mismatch and information overload, enabling frozen LLMs to perform structure-aware veracity reasoning. The authors also propose a graph in-context learning strategy that retrieves semantically and structurally similar demonstrations to enhance classification and reasoning, and report that MAGER significantly improves LLM performance in data‑efficient settings.
By Ziyi Zhou, Xiaoming Zhang, Hui Pang, Yuting Zhang, Tiesunlong Shen, Bingyu Yan, Erik Cambria, Litian Zhang
The paper introduces task‑weighted charts, a method that defines low‑dimensional coordinate systems based on a chosen functional of a language model’s representation. Using these charts, the authors show that next‑token prediction requires 70–90% of the residual stream’s width to maintain perplexity, a width largely unused by variance‑based analyses. The study demonstrates that charts trained under the functional’s metric preserve predictions better than variance‑based or optimal linear compression when only a few dimensions are retained.
By Alexandre Quemy
MUSE is a new benchmark designed to evaluate large vision‑language models on artistic image understanding within situated educational contexts. It separates image annotation from question generation, offering twelve tasks that cover visual perception, semantic and affective interpretation, cultural understanding, and compositional reasoning across diverse artistic images from Singaporean, Southeast Asian, and Western traditions. The benchmark reveals significant gaps in model performance, especially in affective interpretation and compositional reasoning, and highlights common failure modes for trustworthy educational multimodal systems.
By Luyao Zhu, Xun Wei Yee, Wei Li, Mun Thye Mak, Wee Siong Ng
The paper introduces DRAG, a query‑adaptive framework that jointly selects retriever and generator configurations for Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Two variants are presented: DRAG_QPP, a training‑free routing method using Query Performance Prediction and perplexity signals, and DRAG_SFT, a supervised approach that fine‑tunes an LLM to predict configurations. Experiments on three LLM families and four QA benchmarks show that DRAG_QPP matches strong static baselines while cutting inference latency, and DRAG_SFT consistently outperforms both static and training‑free adaptive baselines, demonstrating a better effectiveness‑efficiency trade‑off.
By Neeraj Anand, Payel Santra, Partha Basuchowdhuri, Debasis Ganguly, Sumit Bhatia
Lexara-RF introduces reference‑free metrics for evaluating conversational visual analytics agents that generate visualizations and natural‑language explanations. The framework uses only the prompt, data, and model response to score outputs, applying 13 metrics derived from visualization design theory and Gricean principles as consistency, intent‑alignment, and design validity checks. In tests against a human‑rated corpus, Lexara‑RF matches reference‑based methods, outperforms surface‑similarity NLG baselines, and accurately identifies structurally grounded failures.
By Srishti Palani, Vidya Setlur
The study evaluates gender representation in 8,000 images generated by four generations of the Stable Diffusion text‑to‑image model across 20 occupations and five prompt templates. It finds that 76.4% of the images depict male subjects, with 57.6% of historically female‑coded occupations also showing male subjects, and that newer model generations do not consistently reduce bias. Compared to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data, the models underrepresent women by 20–46 percentage points, especially in near gender‑balanced fields such as scientists and cleaners.
By Shesh Narayan Gupta, Nik Bear Brown
VoiceTrace introduces a new benchmark, VoiceTrace-Bench, for hybrid speech retrieval that combines a textual query specifying "what" to retrieve with a reference speech specifying "who" to retrieve. The authors propose a two‑stage framework: VoiceTrace‑Emb, which learns unified audio‑text embeddings for efficient large‑scale retrieval, and VoiceTrace‑Reranker, which fine‑grains relevance by jointly examining query‑candidate pairs. Experiments show VoiceTrace outperforms existing methods on both traditional semantic speech retrieval benchmarks and the new hybrid setting.
By Aaron Yee, Fengjie Lu, Jiarui Hai, Chenang Jiang, Helin Wang, Siwei Tu, Weitao You, Lingyun Sun
ProgramDistill is a benchmark that evaluates coding agents by having them infer and implement features discovered through interaction with fully functional reference web applications. The benchmark is built by factorizing applications into features of varying granularity, each linked to replayable behaviors that can be executed via a gold patch. Using a mine‑craft‑patch pipeline, the authors discovered 1,975 replay‑verified behaviors across 26 applications and automatically constructed 4,063 tasks, enabling evaluation of nine frontier coding agents, including GPT‑6 Astra and Claude Opus 5, on both full‑application and partial‑application reconstruction tasks.
By Jeonghye Kim, Minseon Kim, Young Jin Kim, Matheus Pereira, Marc-Alexandre C\^ot\'e, Alessandro Sordoni, Xingdi Yuan, Zhengyan Shi
The paper introduces Label-Confidence-Aware Uncertainty Quantification (LCA-UQ), a method that uses Pointwise Kullback-Leibler divergence to align global entropy from multiple stochastic samples with the local confidence of a candidate answer. By bridging this gap, LCA-UQ improves the reliability and stability of uncertainty assessments in natural language generation. Experiments on popular LLMs and NLP datasets show that label sources significantly influence classification and that LCA-UQ outperforms existing uncertainty estimation approaches.
By Qinhong Lin, Yinglun Feng, Yuhao Zhang, Zhongliang Yang, Linna Zhou