LLM agents act in external environments where each action changes the state that later decisions condition on, and where a single wrong step can waste interaction budget or trigger irreversible side effects long before the final failure is observed. Reliable deployment therefore requires \emph{step-level confidence estimation}: a calibrated probability that each proposed action is productive, available \emph{before} the action is executed.
How can an agent build a structured map of its world from nothing but an ongoing sequence of raw sensory input and its own movements, especially when natural variation means exact sensory patterns rarely repeat? The Clone-Structured Causal Graph algorithm (CSCG), a normative hippocampus model, shows how an interpretable map can be learned from aliased observations.
Filtering noise is a fundamental part of data preparation that enhances image quality for applications such as object segmentation, detection, and recognition. Various noise reduction techniques are proposed in the literature, including the use of median, Gaussian, and bilateral filters.
arXiv:2607. 09706v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models turn a worded situation into a numeric plan, and the dominant pipelines (NL4Opt, OptiMUS, ORLM, OR-LLM-Agent) commit to a single objective and point-valued coefficients, then solve once.
By Suyash Mishra
arXiv:2607. 10057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Can AI agents visually comprehend quantum circuit diagrams and generate verified executable code--and at what cost?
By Dongping Liu, Aoyu Zhang, Luyao Zhang
arXiv:2607. 09822v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recognition tells an agent what is in an image; personal memory affects what is worth looking up next.
By Xiaofan Wu (Chance AI), Xi Zeng (Chance AI), Miaoxia Chen (Chance AI), Peishan Chen (Chance AI), Shuyan Li (Chance AI), Jiyun Yao (Chance AI), Hanyong Zhong (Chance AI), Jiahao Zhu (Chance AI)
arXiv:2607. 10994v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-dimensional reduced-order models (0D ROMs) are central to multi-dimensional design workflows for high-end complex equipment.
By Bingteng Sun, Hao Yin, Yiling Chen, Renjie Xiao, Lei Xie, Shanyou Wang, Ruonan Wang, Shubao Chen, Qingzong Xu, Lin Lu, Qiang Du, Junqiang Zhu
arXiv:2607. 09711v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing agent benchmarks primarily test task completion, tool use, or skill utility, but do not isolate whether a runtime can convert evidence from its own runs into reusable skills that improve fresh executions after authoring overhead.
By Zhiyuan Peng, Xin Yin, Chenhao Ying, Zhe Cui, Zixiang Ding, Zhenhua Liu, Jiang Wu, Yuan Luo
arXiv:2607. 11126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools served by shared providers and accessed by heterogeneous downstream agents.
By Yue Fang, Zhibang Yang, Fangkai Yang, Xiaoting Qin, Liqun Li, Qingwei Lin, Saravan Rajmohan, Dongmei Zhang
arXiv:2607. 10490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents are attractive for network operations, but tickets, alerts, logs, runbooks, and ChatOps messages can carry indirect prompt injections.
By Ruksat Khan Shayoni, Muhammad Faraz Shoaib, S M Asif Hossain, M. F. Mridha
arXiv:2607. 11307v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Full-proof autoformalization bridges extensive mathematical proofs in natural language with formally validated reasoning, offering a pathway to elevate the ceiling of verifiable mathematical reasoning.
By Tian-Shuo Liu, Shiyuan Zhang, Zijie Geng, Haoyu Liu, Runjie Xu, Pengyuan Wang, Lei Yuan, Yang Yu
arXiv:2607. 10802v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning is usually introduced through the Bellman update, yet the equation often remains abstract to undergraduates: they watch policy arrows converge but rarely observe how each value is computed or why an action is chosen.
By Ekkachai Jueng
arXiv:2602. 04291v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multi-expert systems, where multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) collaborate to solve complex tasks, are increasingly adopted for high-performance reasoning and generation.
By Sudipto Ghosh, Sujoy Nath, Sunny Manchanda, Tanmoy Chakraborty
arXiv:2512. 22749v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the pricing behavior of third-party platforms facing strategic agents.
By Rui Ai, David Simchi-Levi, Feng Zhu
arXiv:2510. 09497v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In endovascular surgery, endovascular interventionists push a thin tube called a catheter, guided by a thin wire to a treatment site inside the patient's blood vessels to treat various conditions such as blood clots, aneurysms, and malformations.
By Noah Barnes, Ji Woong Kim, Lingyun Di, Hannah Qu, Anuruddha Bhattacharjee, Miroslaw Janowski, Dheeraj Gandhi, Bailey Felix, Shaopeng Jiang, Olivia Young, Mark Fuge, Ryan D. Sochol, Jeremy D. Brown, Axel Krieger
arXiv:2602. 02905v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) promise to accelerate scientific discovery end-to-end, but rigorously evaluating their capacity for verifiable discovery remains a central challenge.
By Zhen Wang, Fan Bai, Zhongyan Luo, Jinyan Su, Kaiser Sun, Xinle Yu, Jieyuan Liu, Kun Zhou, Claire Cardie, Mark Dredze, Zhiting Hu, Eric P. Xing
arXiv:2607. 11818v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce MM-ToolSandBox, a benchmark and evaluation framework for visually grounded tool-calling agents.
By Kaixin Ma, Di Feng, Alexander Metz, Jiarui Lu, Eshan Verma, Afshin Dehghan
arXiv:2607. 11698v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Production LLM agents such as Claude Code and Codex operate over untrusted content, files, commands, and workspace state, making safety failures directly actionable.
By Xutao Mao, Xiang Zheng, Cong Wang
arXiv:2607. 11689v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial general intelligence ultimately requires agents that can reason and act in the physical world.
By Yuanzhi Liang, Xufeng Zhan, Haibin Huang, Chi Zhang, Xuelong Li
arXiv:2607. 10963v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the problem of efficient online proportional sampling from a high-dimensional domain under a $\sigma$-smoothed adversary, where the sampling distribution is induced by a dynamically evolving weight function defined over a sequence of piecewise-structured partitions.
By Amirmahdi Mirfakhar, Maria-Florina Balcan, Hedyeh Beyhaghi