Exemplar is a few‑shot segmentation method that combines a frozen DINOv3 backbone with a fixed bank of classical native‑resolution filter responses in a single lightweight head. Trained only from support masks, it achieves a mean foreground intersection‑over‑union of 0.782 across eleven biomedical imaging datasets, outperforming either component alone and surpassing five other few‑shot methods in 54 of 55 comparisons. With a single annotated mask, Exemplar reaches 0.703, higher than a from‑scratch nnU‑Net trained on the same mask, and while nnU‑Net eventually overtakes it with eight masks, it requires 16–77× longer to fit.
arXiv:2607. 26829v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many high-performing volumetric segmentation models maintain dense multi-scale feature maps, leading to high activation memory and inference cost.
arXiv:2607. 00385v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Automated malaria diagnosis from blood smear microscopy is a critical global health AI challenge; expert scarcity remains the primary diagnostic bottleneck.
arXiv:2607. 05035v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-shot brain tumor segmentation remains challenging due to noisy support masks, inter-patient variations between support and query images, and the lack of pixel-wise confidence estimation.
DALE-CT introduces depth‑aware 2D slice encoders that learn an anatomical world model of chest CT scans without 3D or positional supervision. By sampling self‑supervised views across a physical $z$‑axis slab, the encoder captures how anatomy changes between neighboring slices, enabling it to recover slice ordering and distinguish slices by anatomy alone. The model, trained on a large 287k‑scan corpus, achieves state‑of‑the‑art performance on CT‑RATE and is released with full code and evaluation tools.
arXiv:2609.09634v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large networks and ensembles often lead medical image segmentation challenges, but their storage and inference demands complicate deployment. We presen...
arXiv:2607. 20993v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large vision-language models are becoming increasingly dominant in 3D medical image interpretation, but we rarely know which internal units encode clinical findings or where that information lives in the representation.
The paper introduces SPAR‑Bench, a set of eight probes designed to test whether medical vision models can reason about anatomy in abdominal CT scans. Experiments across five architectures and three foundation models—both frozen and fine‑tuned—show that while models can recall canonical organ locations, they fail to perform relational reasoning or spatial comparisons within a patient, even under zero‑shot transfer. The study also demonstrates that pooled probing underestimates a model’s relational capabilities and that open‑weight multimodal large language models perform poorly on these tasks.
arXiv:2606. 03180v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) for radiology have emerged as a scalable paradigm by leveraging image-report pairs naturally produced in clinical workflows.
The paper investigates how much semantic information is lost when frozen foundation models are combined for few‑shot 3D segmentation. By varying the number of retained semantic alternatives before fusion, the authors show that keeping the full distribution of class scores yields higher harmonic‑mean IoU than collapsing to a single class. Experiments on ScanNet200 and ScanNet++ confirm that full‑distribution fusion consistently outperforms top‑1 and other operators, and that most useful information is recovered by retaining a compact set of plausible alternatives.
arXiv:2608. 16377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Instance-level lesion detection has been an increasingly larger focal point in medical image segmentation besides the more standard voxel-level overlap.
arXiv:2603. 12433v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Model stitching, connecting early layers of one model (source) to later layers of another (target) via a light stitch layer, has served as a probe of representational compatibility.
arXiv:2606. 10713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The nnU-Net has demonstrated continuous success in medical segmentation tasks, which heavily rely on the availability and diversity of annotated biomedical data.