The study introduces Auditable CT Phenotyping (ACT), a method that uses report-derived radiological observations to predict 221 electronic-health-record phenotypes from CT scans. Trained on 38,317 patients and evaluated on 25,183 held‑out patients, ACT outperformed five vision‑language baselines and CT‑CLIP in both zero‑shot and linear probing settings. Analysis of the model’s probes revealed that a small set of observations, such as aortic and coronary calcification, dominated top predictions, but restricting the observation bank to clinician‑specified evidence improved interpretability without sacrificing accuracy.
arXiv:2608.27690v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cardiovascular risk prediction remains limited by incomplete clinical data and imaging biomarkers that reduce computed tomography (CT) to a small num...
arXiv:2609.22281v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Foundation models have recently demonstrated strong capabilities across a wide range of medical imaging tasks. However, their performance in structured...
Med-AR introduces two autoregressive vision‑language models, Med‑AR‑8B and Med‑AR‑2B, pretrained on structured radiology reports, abnormality‑focused text, and region annotations to address long‑tailed chest X‑ray classification. The models outperform existing contrastive, self‑supervised, and supervised encoders—including Med‑CLIP, CheXFound, EVA‑Base, ARK, and BioViL‑T—across PadChest, MIMIC‑CXR, and CheXpert, achieving higher mean AUROC and AUPRC for head, medium, and tail findings and lower excess area under the risk‑coverage curve. Med‑AR also demonstrates improved selective‑prediction performance, with Med‑AR‑8B raising tail‑label mean AUPRC on MIMIC‑CXR from 0.1033 to 0.1441 and Med‑AR‑2B delivering the strongest discrimination on PadChest.
arXiv:2608.30021v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Errors in radiology reports can adversely affect patient treatment, yet automated report quality assurance remains challenging because errors are oft...
arXiv:2606. 17710v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical vision-language models report strong chest radiograph accuracy, and this is increasingly read as evidence that they use the image.
arXiv:2607. 25589v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical-imaging AI benchmarks combine datasets, DICOM rendering, prompts, provider APIs, automated labels, statistical code, manuscripts, and repository releases.
Purpose: To evaluate whether large language model (LLM)-assisted label cleaning can identify label-report discordance in CT-RATE, a large-scale public chest CT dataset. Materials and Methods: After report-level deduplication, 24,446 unique radiology reports were identified.
arXiv:2608. 05960v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Routine CT interpretation is inherently comprehensive, capturing incidental findings across the entire scan volume.
arXiv:2606. 00123v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance on public medical benchmarks, yet existing evaluations often remain weak proxies for clinical use, relying on isolated inputs and simplified recognition-style tasks.
The study evaluates the robustness of medical vision‑language models for tuberculosis screening on chest X‑rays by testing them across multiple datasets, prompts, and evaluation settings. Three specialized models (BioMedCLIP, CheXficient, MedSigLIP) and a general OpenCLIP model were audited on 12,200 images, producing 244,000 model–image–prompt scores. Results show that no model consistently outperforms others across all cohorts and reliability criteria, with prompt changes and control group composition significantly affecting AUROC, and that high training‑set performance does not reliably transfer to external cohorts.
arXiv:2607. 11287v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Comprehensive quantification of cardiac structures from computed tomography (CT) remains limited not by data availability but by the scalability of measurements, which makes routine use impractical.
arXiv:2609.37750v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, yet the real-world performance of FDA-cleared AI detection models remains inc...