The paper introduces Knowledge Tracing Leveraging Problem‑Solving Process (KT‑PSP), a method that incorporates students’ problem‑solving steps to model mathematical proficiency more comprehensively than traditional knowledge tracing. It presents the KT‑PSP‑25 dataset and a new framework, StatusKT, which uses a teacher‑student‑teacher LLM pipeline to extract proficiency indicators, generate responses, and evaluate mastery. Experiments show that StatusKT improves prediction accuracy and offers interpretable explanations by explicitly modeling proficiency.
By Jungyang Park, Suho Kang, Jaewoo Park, Jaehong Kim, Jaewoo Shin, Seonjoon Park, Youngjae Yu
arXiv:2607. 14303v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reasoning or inference-scaling models are the new generation of Large Language Models (LLMs) capable of complex problem solving.
By Amir Bralin, N. Sanjay Rebello
arXiv:2606. 26103v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly influenced many aspects of society, particularly education, due to their demonstrated ability to complete assignments and examinations across a wide range of subjects.
By Tanner Culleton, Hung-Fu Chang
The paper presents a mechanistic analysis of how large language models solve grade‑school math word problems. It identifies a four‑stage sequential pipeline—Schema Abstraction, Operation Planning, Operand Binding, and Computation—each represented in distinct layer bands. The study shows that inserting an irrelevant clause disrupts the Operation Planning stage, pinpointing the cause of failure to specific attention heads.
By Zhongdi Qu, Carla P. Gomes
arXiv:2608. 13675v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Between October 2018 and July 2026 AI models progressed from simple systems like BERT to massive agents that solve complex math and write software.
By Pranav Kumar Kaliaperumal
We built a neural theorem prover for Lean that learned to solve a variety of challenging high-school olympiad problems, including problems from the AMC12 and AIME competitions, as well as two problems adapted from the IMO.
arXiv:2607. 18767v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The deployment of Small Language Models (SLMs) in educational settings offers significant advantages in terms of privacy, cost, and scalability.
By Lachlan McGinness
arXiv:2606. 03858v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite the pivotal role of numerical reasoning as the cornerstone of mathematical capabilities in large language models (LLMs) across applications, few benchmarks evaluate LLMs by integrating numerical processing and mathematical reasoning, hindering the interpretability of failures in math tasks.
By Zetian Ouyang, Linlin Wang, Gerard de Melo, Liang He
arXiv:2607. 17166v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) continue to achieve state-of-the-art performance across various natural language processing tasks.
By Luyu Qiu, Jianing Li, Hwanhee Kim, Xiaoyong Wei, Yueyuan Zheng, Janet Hsiao, Lei Chen
arXiv:2510. 05969v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient resource allocation.
By Sunbowen Lee, Qingyu Yin, Chak Tou Leong, Jialiang Zhang, Yicheng Gong, Shiwen Ni, Min Yang, Xiaoyu Shen
arXiv:2604. 06802v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent AI systems have achieved gold-medal-level performance on the International Mathematical Olympiad, demonstrating remarkable proficiency at competition-style problem solving.
By Suhaas Garre, Erik Knutsen, Sushant Mehta, Edwin Chen
arXiv:2606. 12422v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The integration of large language models (LLMs) into educational assessment represents a transformative shift in classroom grading practices.
By Zewei Tian, Alex Liu, Lief Esbenshade, Michael Xiao, Zachary Zhang, Yulia L\'apicus, Thomas Han, Kevin He, Min Sun