arXiv Machine Learning

ConRad: Efficient Conformal Prediction for Radiomics

arXiv:2607. 08084v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radiomic features derived from medical images and segmentation masks are used to support decision making in clinical imaging pipelines.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 31

Negative controls reveal volume-driven confounding in radiomics and imaging foundation model features

arXiv:2607. 28423v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radiomics and imaging foundation models promise non-invasive biomarkers of tumour biology, yet predictive signatures may reflect tumour volume or acquisition artifacts rather than meaningful image structure.

By Katy L. Scott, Sejin Kim, Joshua Siraj, Caryn Geady, Matthew Boccalon, Mattea Welch, Mogtaba Alim, Andrew J. Hope, Benjamin Haibe-Kains
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 2

Foundation Models vs. Radiomics for Lung Computed Tomography: A Benchmark of Feature Extractors, Classification Heads, and Segmentation Choices

arXiv:2607. 01001v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Radiomics is the established approach for CT-based lung cancer phenotyping, yet comparisons with foundation models rarely isolate contributions of feature extractor, classification head, and segmentation choice, or test cross-cohort robustness.

By Nils Neukirch, Martin Maurer, Nils Strodthoff
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 28

Trustworthy Medical Segmentation: Uncertainty-Aware U-Net Evaluation Under Clinical Image Degradation

arXiv:2607. 22727v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical image segmentation models often report high benchmark accuracy under ideal imaging conditions, yet their failures under clinical degradation can be quiet: sensor noise, patient motion, low- resolution acquisition, and contrast variability may all alter model behavior without producing an obvious warning.

By Pranav Kaliaperumal, Manisha Kaliaperumal
arXiv AI
Jul 8

CONFLUX: A Latent Diffusion Model for 3D Chest-CT Synthesis with RL Post-Training

arXiv:2607. 02998v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Controllable generative models of 3D medical images can synthesize volumes with specified clinical attributes, but this demands samples that are simultaneously high-fidelity, natively 3D, and faithful to the requested conditioning.

By Max Van Puyvelde, Halil Ibrahim Gulluk, Wim Van Criekinge, Olivier Gevaert
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 21

Isotonic Conformal Prediction

arXiv:2607. 16675v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A point prediction that is well calibrated on average can still be systematically biased conditional on its own value, undermining its use in downstream decision-making.

By Daniel Bensimon, Sean Xiang Yu, Eric D. Kolaczyk, Archer Y. Yang
arXiv AI
Jun 19

Scaling Generative Foundation Models for Chest Radiography with Rectified Flow Transformers

arXiv:2606. 19460v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce the first generative foundation model for chest radiograph synthesis trained from scratch at the billion-parameter scale.

By Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro, Emma A. M. Stanley, Charles Jones, Tian Xia, Dominic C. Marshall, Laurent Renard Trich\'e, Christopher V. Cosgriff, Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos, Sotirios A. Tsaftaris, Ben Glocker