arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 28

Trustworthy Medical Segmentation: Uncertainty-Aware U-Net Evaluation Under Clinical Image Degradation

arXiv:2607. 22727v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical image segmentation models often report high benchmark accuracy under ideal imaging conditions, yet their failures under clinical degradation can be quiet: sensor noise, patient motion, low- resolution acquisition, and contrast variability may all alter model behavior without producing an obvious warning.

By Pranav Kaliaperumal, Manisha Kaliaperumal
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 18

Beyond Boundary Noise: Aggregated Aleatoric Uncertainty Fails to Capture Presence Ambiguity in 3D Lung Nodule Segmentation

arXiv:2608. 14766v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Uncertainty estimation is critical for the safe clinical deployment of deep learning in medical image segmentation, with aleatoric uncertainty theoretically designed to capture irreducible data ambiguity.

By Simon Baur, Arne Schernich, Ekin B\"oke, Wojciech Samek, Jackie Ma
arXiv AI
Sep 15

Adaptive Conformal Redistribution for Inter-class Transitional Uncertainty in Medical Image Classification

The paper introduces AdaConRed, a label‑free post‑conformal decision rule that transforms ambiguous conformal prediction sets into single class assignments for medical image classification. It employs a five‑stage pipeline—vision‑language generative augmentation, a frozen DermFoundation encoder, a lightweight MLP classifier, an entropy‑modulated margin‑aware nonconformity score, and a reassignment step for transitional samples—to improve accuracy on OSCC and ISIC benchmarks. Results show notable gains in malignant class accuracy while maintaining overall performance.

By Saibal Ghosh, Samarup Bhattacharya, Sanjoy Kumar Saha, Umapada Pal, Tapabrata Chakraborti