arXiv:2601. 04885v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) serve a global audience, alignment must transition from enforcing universal consensus to respecting cultural pluralism.
arXiv:2609.00565v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cultural fine-tuning has become the de facto paradigm for building culture-aware large language models (LLMs), yet existing optimization exclusively...
arXiv:2509. 08022v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse human values is essential for safe and effective deployment, yet existing benchmarks often overlook cultural and demographic variation.
The paper introduces Population Fidelity, an evaluation framework for assessing how well large language models (LLMs) represent human population attitudes. It focuses on three dimensions: group-level accuracy, between-group variation, and the structure of that variation. Using the framework, the authors replicate a prior study on machine bias and test cultural fine-tuning, finding that while fine-tuning improves overall alignment, it does not enhance representation of within-population differences.
The paper proposes a method for culturally aligning large language models (LLMs) using soft prompt tuning optimized via Differential Evolution (DE). Unlike traditional fine‑tuning or reinforcement learning, this approach keeps model weights frozen and requires no preference data, instead leveraging aggregated survey scores from Hofstede's Value Survey Module (VSM13). Experiments on four countries and four instruction‑tuned models show that DE‑optimized prompts reduce cultural discrepancy, improve agreement with the World Values Survey, and are preferred in blinded pairwise evaluations by LLM judges.
arXiv:2604. 06210v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As LLMs are globally deployed, aligning their cultural value orientations is critical for safety and user engagement.
arXiv:2602.01161v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The global deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about cultural misalignment, yet the linguistic properties of fine-tuning...
arXiv:2602. 23638v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Federated LoRA provides a communication-efficient mechanism for fine-tuning large language models on decentralized data.
arXiv:2606. 05613v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has established cross-lingual versatility as a defining feature of modern systems.
CoCoA (Context-Conditional Cultural Alignment) is a framework designed to mitigate cultural bias in large language models by learning context-conditional behavior. It trains on entity pairs under both culturally cued and neutral contexts, using a contrastive alignment objective combined with calibration, drift regularization, and goal-aware gradient reconciliation. Evaluations on CAMeL and Camellia across ten languages and four LLMs show that CoCoA reduces the Cultural Bias Score from 43 to 24 on average while keeping near-neutral preferences at 50.2, with minimal impact on general performance.
arXiv:2606. 18606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: It is essential for large language model (LLM) technology to serve many different cultural sub-communities in a manner that is acceptable to each community.
WorldBench is a new multilingual benchmark that tests large language model agents on culturally grounded everyday workflows, offering 1,600 tasks in seven languages and eight cultures. The benchmark evaluates agents through structured sandbox actions and introduces Constrained Task Success (CTS), a metric that assesses task completion, minimal modification, and other complementary aspects via deterministic and LLM-as-a-Judge evaluations. Experiments show that even leading models achieve only 49.2% CTS, revealing significant gaps in correctness and state preservation across languages and cultures.
The paper investigates weight‑space merging of independently fine‑tuned multilingual machine translation models. Experiments show that merging is more successful when models share a target language, yet it still cannot match the peak performance of language‑specific checkpoints. When target languages differ, performance drops sharply, and analysis reveals that overlapping neuron activation and incompatible upper‑layer geometries cause these failures.