arXiv Machine Learning

PICPIs: Prediction-Interval-Conditional Prediction Intervals

arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 9

Optimal Conformal Prediction under Epistemic Uncertainty

arXiv:2505. 19033v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conformal prediction (CP) is a widely used frequentist framework to quantify uncertainty by constructing prediction sets with user-specified marginal coverage guarantees.

By Alireza Javanmardi, Soroush H. Zargarbashi, Santo M. A. R. Thies, Willem Waegeman, Aleksandar Bojchevski, Eyke H\"ullermeier
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 21

Isotonic Conformal Prediction

arXiv:2607. 16675v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A point prediction that is well calibrated on average can still be systematically biased conditional on its own value, undermining its use in downstream decision-making.

By Daniel Bensimon, Sean Xiang Yu, Eric D. Kolaczyk, Archer Y. Yang
arXiv AI
Sep 10

How to Verify Probabilistic Consistency of Predictive Models

The paper presents an interactive probabilistically checkable proof (PCP) protocol that allows a polynomial‑time verifier to check the approximate consistency of a probabilistic predictor defined by two circuits, P and Q. By evaluating these circuits at a few points and querying a proof oracle that encodes a witnessing probability distribution, the verifier can confirm that the predictor’s many conditional‑probability claims are self‑consistent. The authors also establish that the problem of verifying l₂‑approximate consistency for explicit probabilistic claims lies in NP, with certificates of size O(mn + log B), and show how to eliminate dependence on the input bit‑precision B through a small additive gap.

By Orr Paradise, Oliver Richardson, Yoshua Bengio, Shafi Goldwasser
arXiv AI
Aug 12

How to Verify Consistency of Probabilistic Claims

arXiv:2608. 11181v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: When a probabilistic predictor answers many conditional-probability queries, are its answers self-consistent, and can this be verified in polynomial time?

By Orr Paradise, Oliver Richardson, Yoshua Bengio, Shafi Goldwasser
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 16

Observational Multiplicity

The paper introduces the concept of observational multiplicity, where multiple probabilistic classifiers can perform similarly yet produce conflicting predictions, undermining interpretability and safety. It proposes measuring this arbitrariness through a regret metric that captures how predictions could shift with different training labels. The authors present a general method to estimate regret, show it varies across dataset groups, and discuss its use for safety via abstention and targeted data collection.

By Erin George, Deanna Needell, Berk Ustun