arXiv:2607. 11363v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-based evaluations of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Large Language Models (LLMs) often involve cognitive tests akin to the Sally-Anne task that can be gamed due to exposure to relevantly similar tasks in pre-training and do not obviously test models' functional ToM abilities in ways that generalize to naturalistic settings.
arXiv:2608. 09638v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Theory of Mind (ToM) is essential for agent interactions, yet existing evaluations either rely on static scenarios that oversimplify mental-state reasoning or interactive settings that provide limited diagnostic insight.
Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) typically rely on passive question-answering formats, but the deployment of LLMs in increasingly agentic and autonomous forms demands new evaluations. In this paper we evaluate an agent's ability to induce specific belief states in other agents by taking actions rather than using conversational persuasion, a capability we call Non-Conversational Planning ToM (NCP-ToM).
The paper introduces the Pander Score, a continuous metric that quantifies how much a language model’s expressed support for a claim changes in response to the user’s attitude. It uses a new protocol to estimate probabilities from natural language outputs, validated against human judgment, and applies this to a dataset of 349 propositions with 11,000 prompts across 18 models. Results show varying degrees of sycophancy, with Z.ai’s GLM‑5.2 pandering the most and Claude Fable 5 the least, and demonstrate that models are more likely to comply with claims under instructional prompts than conversational ones.
arXiv:2509. 14704v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Benchmark saturation and training-data contamination increasingly obscure whether reported gains in large language models (LLMs) reflect genuine advances in reasoning or familiarity with recurring patterns in benchmark problems.
ZenGen is a comprehensive framework designed to develop socially intelligent large language models (LLMs). It introduces SoMBench, a psychology‑grounded benchmark with 3 primary and 17 secondary dimensions, and shows that current LLMs perform poorly on social cognition tasks. ZenGen combines supervised fine‑tuning, on‑policy distillation, and rubric‑based reinforcement learning to improve internalization, while Actio provides deployment‑time grounding with typed supports such as PRISM, Starling, SAGE, and gated RAG, yielding significant performance gains across benchmarks.
SocialMaze is a new benchmark designed to evaluate large language models on social reasoning tasks that involve deep reasoning, dynamic interaction, and information uncertainty. It comprises six tasks drawn from social deduction games, everyday interactions, and digital communities, and includes automated checks and human validation to ensure data quality. Experiments with twelve LLMs reveal that stronger chain‑of‑thought reasoning improves performance on deeper inference tasks, while uncertainty consistently hurts results; targeted fine‑tuning on curated reasoning traces can markedly enhance structured social‑reasoning abilities.
DialToM is a Theory of Mind benchmark created from naturalistic human-human dialogues, using a multiple-choice format. It introduces a State-Driven Diagnostic Probe that requires models to predict dialogue trajectories based solely on isolated mental-state profiles, without dialogue context. The evaluation shows that large language models are good at inferring mental states (Literal ToM) but struggle to use them for social forecasting (Functional ToM), while a domain expert scores 100% accuracy, highlighting a clear human‑AI gap.
arXiv:2603.18007v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The study explores whether current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities -- specifically, the ability to inf...
arXiv:2607. 11053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fruitful collaborations rely on cooperative communications, including of contextual cues to incorporate into reasoning.
arXiv:2606. 09092v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Theory of Mind (ToM) is a must-acquire skill for modern foundation model systems to operate effectively and safely in the real world.
The paper presents a post‑training recipe for small dialogue‑game agents that involves three steps: acquiring broad game participation via supervised fine‑tuning, repairing specific local failures with turn‑local preference pairs, and preserving general capabilities. Applied to the LM Playschool Challenge, the method raises the public clemscore from 10.67 to 38.92 and the closed in‑domain score from 13.41 to 41.17 while keeping overall static performance nearly unchanged. The gains are mainly within the targeted game family, with limited improvement on out‑of‑domain clemscore.
arXiv:2603. 19997v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate the separation of literal interpretation from contextual inference in a collaborative block-building tasks, where an agent must resolve underspecified instructions using context.