arXiv AI

Flout at Your Own Risk: LLMs Struggle with Pragmatic Cooperativity Under Epistemic Asymmetry

arXiv:2607. 11053v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fruitful collaborations rely on cooperative communications, including of contextual cues to incorporate into reasoning.

arXiv AI
Jul 14

Beyond Sally-Anne: Evaluating Theory of Mind in LLMs using Epistemic Schelling Points

arXiv:2607. 11363v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Text-based evaluations of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Large Language Models (LLMs) often involve cognitive tests akin to the Sally-Anne task that can be gamed due to exposure to relevantly similar tasks in pre-training and do not obviously test models' functional ToM abilities in ways that generalize to naturalistic settings.

By Roberta Rocca, Sami Boukortt, Geoff Keeling, Winnie Street
arXiv AI
Aug 24

Consilience: Conformally Calibrated Communication Control for Hidden-Profile Multi-Agent Reasoning

Consilience is an inference‑time orchestration framework that steers and certifies communication among multi‑agent large language models in hidden‑profile settings. It summarizes each discussion turn with a compact state of uncertainty, disagreement, evidence gain, redundancy, and premature consensus, then selects a communication intervention (challenge, clarify, seek evidence, or route) and speaker. A round‑wise conformal calibration procedure guarantees that the controller’s proposed action has bounded one‑step regret with high probability, and an acceptance mechanism enforces this guarantee for the executed action. Experiments on HiddenBench‑style tasks show that Consilience improves decision accuracy and communication efficiency over fixed and unstructured protocols, sometimes outperforming a full‑information baseline.

By Abhijith Babu, Ramneet Kaur, Vishal Pramanik, Olivera Kotevska, Nathaniel D. Bastian, Susmit Jha, Sunny Raj, Yanzhao Wu, Sumit Kumar Jha, Anirban Roy
arXiv AI
Jun 19

Navigating Unreliable Parametric and Contextual Knowledge: Explicit Knowledge Conflict Resolution for LLM Inference

arXiv:2606. 20245v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a wide range of language-based tasks by leveraging both extensive parametric knowledge and in-context learning ability, enabling them to incorporate external information provided in the input prompt.

By Huang Peng, Jiuyang Tang, Weixin Zeng, Hao Xu, Xiang Zhao
arXiv AI
Sep 16

Verifiable Social Reasoning for LLM Assistants

arXiv:2609.17496v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM assistants are widely used for daily social advice, yet evaluating their social reasoning in such consultation settings remains challenging since (...

By Amir Taubenfeld, Zorik Gekhman, Avigail Grinstein-Dabush, Itay Laish, Ariel Goldstein, Marian Croak, Avinatan Hassidim, Yossi Matias, Amir Feder
arXiv AI
Sep 15

From Process Loss to Assembly Bonus: Human-Grounded Diagnosis of Multi-Agent LLM Collaboration

The paper compares human group discussions with large language model (LLM) deliberation traces on various reasoning tasks, finding that both humans and LLMs exhibit an assembly bonus asymmetry where discussion benefits the average member more than the best initial member. While LLM groups mirror some outcome-level patterns of human deliberation, they differ in process-level behaviors: they tend to follow majorities, surface less unique information, and converge earlier. Interventions inspired by human group‑decision research yield modest outcome improvements but do not eliminate coordination bottlenecks.

By Ala N. Tak, Teruhisa Misu, Kumar Akash, Zhaobo K. Zheng, Kevin H. Joo, Jonathan Gratch
arXiv AI
Jun 6

Humans' ALMANAC: A Human Collaboration Dataset of Action-Level Mental Model Annotations for Agent Collaboration

arXiv:2606. 06388v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent advances in LLM agents have enabled complex cognitive capabilities, such as multi-step reasoning, planning, and tool use, that increasingly position these agents as human collaborators.

By Jiaju Chen, Yuxuan Lu, Jiayi Su, Chaoran Chen, Songlin Xiao, Zheng Zhang, Yun Wang, Yunyao Li, Jian Zhao, Tongshuang Wu, Toby Jia-Jun Li, Dakuo Wang, Bingsheng Yao
arXiv AI
Sep 18

Communication and Verification in LLM Agents towards Collaboration under Information Asymmetry

The paper investigates how Large Language Model (LLM) agents can collaborate on a shared task under information asymmetry, using a table‑top version of Einstein Puzzles. It introduces a fine‑tuning‑plus‑verifier framework that equips agents with communication strategies and environmental verification signals. Results show that aligned communication is crucial for rule understanding and human trust, while a verifier improves task comprehension and promotes safer, interpretable collaboration.

By Run Peng, Ziqiao Ma, Amy Pang, Sikai Li, Zhang Xi-Jia, Yingzhuo Yu, Cristian-Paul Bara, Joyce Chai