arXiv:2607. 22984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning models for clinical prediction tasks, such as in-hospital mortality and sepsis onset, routinely achieve high AUROC scores.
arXiv:2607. 07725v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Genomic prediction models often fail to transfer across institutions because sequencing panels differ across sites, creating structural feature missingness at deployment.
The paper introduces a new metric called Localized AUC (LAUC), a weighted version of the traditional AUC, to detect performance heterogeneity in risk prediction models. Using LAUC, the authors develop a method named LOCATOR that identifies patient cohorts where the model’s predictions are inaccurate. They validate LOCATOR on both real-world data and simulations and provide a statistical foundation for applying LAUC in this context.
arXiv:2607. 26752v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical world models aim to learn a latent state of patient or organ physiology and a transition function that forecasts how that state evolves under interventions, supporting downstream tasks from imaging-based diagnosis to digital-twin treatment planning.
arXiv:2605. 12895v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clinical decision-support systems are expert systems whose recommendations clinicians act on directly, yet they are usually cleared on one aggregate accuracy number from a held-out test set.
arXiv:2505. 16941v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Foundation models (FMs) promise to address core limitations of traditional supervised machine learning: (i) reliance on large amounts of labeled data, (ii) task specificity, and (iii) poor transportability.
arXiv:2608.29301v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predicting future organ dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients is critical for early clinical intervention, yet existing machine learning ap...
arXiv:2608. 10903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable clinical deployment of machine learning requires models that know when they are likely to fail, particularly for subgroups underrepresented in training data.
The paper highlights hidden data challenges in clinical machine learning, focusing on how commonly reused preprocessing pipelines for electronic health records embed assumptions about data availability, episode definitions, and missingness. Using MIMIC-IV, the authors identify violations in temporal, semantic, and population alignment—leading to temporal leakage, feature-task misalignment, and biased imputation—and show that these ambiguities can alter model signals without affecting overall predictive performance. They provide practical recommendations and open-source code for more temporally valid, clinically aligned, and reproducible preprocessing.
arXiv:2609.40108v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Opioid overdose remains a major clinical and public health burden, highlighting the need for scalable approaches to identify patients at high risk. Her...
The paper introduces a framework that distinguishes two causes of saturation in clinical prediction: a learner gap, where the model fails to use available information, and a measurement‑channel ceiling, where the recorded variables limit performance. It provides theoretical characterizations, finite‑sample diagnostics, and empirical audits across three large cohorts, showing that well‑tuned models approach the frontier while deficient learners leave large gaps. A PRISMA‑guided synthesis across 104 tasks reveals consistent channel‑level patterns, suggesting that improving the learner or the measurement channel can audit and potentially lift performance.
arXiv:2608.29582v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on factual knowledge retrieval, overlooking the fundamental challenge of navigati...