In recent research on the Digital Twin-based Vehicular Ad hoc Network(DT-VANET), Federated Learning (FL) has shown its ability to provide data privacy. However, Federated learning struggles to adequately train a global model when confronted with data heterogeneity and data sparsity among vehicles, which ensure suboptimal accuracy in making precise predictions for different vehicle types.
Group alignment adapts a language model to a demographic group to produce responses that reflect the group's opinions, values, and preferences. Sycophancy, a well-documented by-product of alignment, causes the model to over-agree with the user regardless of factual and objective information.
Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability provides a mathematically rigorous framework for safe control of dynamical systems, but its practical application is bottlenecked by the computational complexity of solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs variational inequality PDEs in high dimensions. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to classical mesh-based solvers, yet their performance is highly sensitive to the choice of collocation sampling.
Stealing Reasoning Traces from Proprietary LLM APIs A vanity domain name ( stolen-thoughts. com ) for a neat paper : Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google return encrypted chain-of-thought blocks to clients that can be replayed across sessions, users, and models.
Synthetic dialogue generation offers a way to study conversational dynamics in sensitive domains where real data are difficult to access, release, or annotate. The underlying abuse may occur online or offline: threats and coercion can appear directly in messages, while behaviours such as surveillance, isolation, stalking, and physical violence may be planned, disclosed, or referred to conversationally.
Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is largely developed in English, assuming these safeguards generalize across multilingual settings. However, this assumption remains underexplored and exposes a vulnerability in low-resource languages.
Emergent misalignment (EM) is the phenomenon where fine-tuning a language model on a narrow task leads to harmful behavior in unrelated domains. A leading mechanistic account attributes EM to persona features: latent directions acquired during pre-training that misaligned fine-tuning amplifies.
Governments worldwide have responded to the rapid expansion of AI by publishing national and regional AI strategies. Comparing national and regional AI strategies to identify their convergences and divergences can uncover their common practices, understand regional variations, and provide policy designers a comprehensive set of policy design elements for their ongoing AI strategy developments.
Existing diffusion-based methods have recently made significant progress in image dehazing. However, they typically neglect the physics of haze formation and reconstruct clean images from pure Gaussian noise, thereby limiting their restoration potential.
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating semantically relevant concepts and relations, making them promising tools for taxonomy enrichment. However, directly relying on LLM-generated expansions often leads to noisy, redundant, or hierarchically inconsistent structures, limiting their reliability for automated taxonomy expansion.
Per-point uncertainty models are important in structured-light 3D reconstruction for probabilistic registration, fusion, and quality assessment. In practice, however, point-cloud covariances are often modeled as isotropic constants or inferred from local surface geometry and therefore do not explicitly reflect the measurement process.
Understanding both expressed and evoked emotions is critical for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to achieve comprehensive affect-aware interactions. However, existing benchmarks typically examine expressed and evoked emotions in isolation or are constrained to coarse-grained and incomplete affective characterizations.
Skin cancer diagnosis from dermoscopic images remains challenging due to high intra-class variability, inter-class similarity, class imbalance, and the limited interpretability of deep learning models. This paper proposes an uncertainty-aware and explainable deep learning framework for multi-class skin lesion classification.
Vision Transformers underperform convolutional networks when training data is scarce, and distilling convolutional inductive biases from a CNN teacher is an effective remedy that leaves the deployed model unchanged. General-purpose feature distillation, however, transfers little in this setting.
Large vision-language models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit visual inputs to bypass safety alignment inherited from their language backbones. We propose SafeCap, a reinforcement-learning framework that aligns LVLMs through learned self-captioning.
Low-light imaging often introduces color bias caused by the low signal-to-noise ratio and the image formation process. Although recent low-light image enhancement methods have achieved strong brightness recovery, faithful color restoration remains challenging, manifesting as overall color bias together with local under- and over-saturation.
Personalized Federated Reinforcement Learning (PFRL) takes a decentralized approach to storing and accessing information based on past experiences while keeping each client's data private during the learning of each client's policy. Many current methods for PFRL rely heavily on exploiting existing reinforcement learning reward signals to derive an optimal policy for each client, thereby neglecting exploration in non-stationary or sparse-reward environments.
Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive and largely undisclosed corpora that may contain copyrighted or privacy-sensitive content. Data contamination detection (DCD) therefore aims to determine whether a given text is a member of the pre-training corpus of a target LLM.
arXiv:2608. 07651v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) show promise in medical image interpretation but suffer from hallucination, limited accuracy, and run-to-run inconsistency.
By Jalil Jalili, Hossein Taghizad, Anuwat Jiravarnsirikul, Christopher Bowd, Akram Belghith, Raheleh Kafieh, Christopher A. Girkin, Sally L. Baxter, Robert N. Weinreb, Linda M. Zangwill, Mark Christopher
arXiv:2608. 07881v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clustering mixed tabular data requires a unified metric space to bridge the inherent heterogeneity between continuous numerical measurements and discrete categorical symbols.
By Zihua Yang, Zhencheng Xie, Junyang Chen, Liang Xie, Yiqun Zhang, Mengke Li, Yang Lu