Alignment, interpretability, red-teaming, bias and privacy: the research on what these systems do when they misbehave.
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without decryption, offering strong privacy guarantees for sensitive data analysis. This capability is important for privacy-sensitive applications like secure cloud computing, finance, and healthcare.
Large Language Models (LLMs) generate fluent long-form text, however, often add unsupported factual claims. Existing verification techniques improve factuality by grounding generation in external evidence.
Commercial greenhouse cucumber production is graded by fruit length, which drives harvest scheduling, labour allocation, and logistics. Manual measurement with thread or caliper is accurate but infeasible at commercial scale.
Purpose: To evaluate whether large language model (LLM)-assisted label cleaning can identify label-report discordance in CT-RATE, a large-scale public chest CT dataset. Materials and Methods: After report-level deduplication, 24,446 unique radiology reports were identified.
Road traffic accidents remain a critical global crisis, consistently serving as a primary driver of preventable mortality and severe injury. These incidents are frequently precipitated by human error, including overspeeding, driving under the influence of alcohol, and cognitive fatigue.
Test-time adaptation (TTA) can mitigate domain shift without source data, but it is highly brittle under adversarially contaminated test streams, where corrupted inputs also destabilize online updates. We study robust test-time adaptation (RTTA) in the adversarial-stream setting, which remains comparatively underexplored relative to standard TTA, and propose SAFER (Stochastic Augmentation Framework for Enhanced Robustness), a training-free reliability-guided augmentation wrapper for RTTA.
This paper introduces $π$-RAG, a novel architecture for oblivious retrieval that decouples Large Language Models (LLMs) from sensitive data storage without sacrificing semantic understanding. Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures expose raw vector embeddings to potential inversion attacks and nondeterministic retrieval failures.
The paper explores how "culture" can be operationalised in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and what this reveals about the possibilities and limits of considering a plurality of cultural backgrounds in technological design. It proposes that cultural alignment cannot be achieved only by adding more examples of "other cultures", rather it requires plural epistemologies: allowing multiple, locally grounded ways of knowing.
Automated classroom engagement recognition holds substantial promise for scalable learning analytics, yet the suitability of modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for this task under zero-shot conditions remains largely unexplored. We present a systematic benchmark that evaluates five widely-used VLMs: CLIP, BLIP-VQA, GPT-4o, LLaVA-1.
Single domain generalization (SDG) aims to learn a robust model, which could perform well on many unseen domains while there is only one single domain available for training. One of the promising directions for achieving single-domain generalization is to generate out-of-domain (OOD) training data through data augmentation or image generation.
arXiv:2604. 05435v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Incomplete or inconsistent discharge documentation drives care fragmentation and avoidable readmissions.
arXiv:2606. 20364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A companion study established a de-biased, cross-model VLM-as-3D-judge that reliably ranks single-image-to-3D mesh quality where cheap geometry and CLIP proxies fall short.
arXiv:2604. 21097v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Chaos arises in many complex dynamical systems, from weather to power grids, but is difficult to accurately model with data-driven methods such as machine learning emulators.
arXiv:2505. 22829v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper bridges distribution shift and AI safety through a comprehensive analysis of their conceptual and methodological synergies.
arXiv:2606. 20482v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To align a Large Language Model (LLM), most existing methods collect explicit human feedback and train a reward model to predict the human preference based on the response text.
arXiv:2606. 20206v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In offline Reinforcement Learning, immediate rewards in logged batch data are often unobserved due to sparse or irregular record-keeping, or censored beyond certain reward values.
arXiv:2606. 19658v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Implicit feedback is widely used in recommender systems due to its accessibility and generality, yet it usually presents noisy samples (e.
arXiv:2606. 19351v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Knowledge graph (KG) reasoning infers new knowledge from existing facts and is widely applied in question answering, recommendation, and decision support.
arXiv:2502. 06866v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The drastic changes in the global economy, geopolitical conditions, and disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the cost of living and quality of life.
arXiv:2606. 16575v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in scientific computing, yet they often suffer from spectral bias in capturing oscillatory and multiscale behaviors.