Policy optimisation, reward modelling and RLHF — how models are trained by feedback rather than by labels.
arXiv:2603. 17621v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training LLM-based agents, yet remains limited by low sample efficiency, stemming not only from sparse outcome feedback but also from the agent's inability to leverage prior experience across episodes.
arXiv:2605. 25063v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Scan-order design in laser directed energy deposition (LDED) is a delayed, path-dependent thermo-mechanical decision problem, because sequence quality becomes observable only after the complete deposition and cooling cycle.
arXiv:2606. 28392v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate lesion segmentation in PET/CT is critical for oncology, yet remains challenging because physiologic tracer uptake and artifacts can mimic malignant signal.
arXiv:2606. 29023v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatio-temporal grounding in long videos requires precise temporal localization and robust object tracking conditioned on natural-language queries.
arXiv:2606. 29980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Zero-shot Transfer in Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to train an agent that can generate optimal policies for any reward function, without additional learning at transfer time, while training only on reward-free trajectories.
arXiv:2606. 29126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) often relies on communication to mitigate partial observability, yet most existing protocols treat messages as flat dense vectors detached from the structure of the observations they summarize.
arXiv:2605. 09454v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the $\textit{single-index bandit}$ problem, where rewards depend on an unknown one-dimensional projection of high-dimensional contexts through an unknown reward function.
arXiv:2606. 29221v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We address the problem of online multi-human multi-robot teaming through the lens of a linear matching bandit framework, where a learner assigns robots with unknown features from a fixed pool to distinct sets of human agents over multiple rounds.
arXiv:2606. 29526v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained growing attention in large language model (LLM) post-training, yet RL training remains fragile and can suffer from instability or collapse.
arXiv:2606. 29867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved significant success in robotics and autonomous systems, yet remains vulnerable to adversarial perturbations that can severely degrade performance.
arXiv:2606. 30072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cooperative tasks in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) require agents to collectively maximize a shared return.
arXiv:2401. 11512v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Identifying the most suitable variables to represent the state is a fundamental challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL).
arXiv:2605. 26343v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Mechanistic interpretability seeks to explain a model's behaviour by finding its circuit: the sparse subgraph of the model's computation that is causally responsible for it.
arXiv:2606. 28998v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) alignment trains an LLM using preference data to produce outputs that better meet established quality standards.
arXiv:2606. 28707v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Critic-free reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), exemplified by Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), avoids training a value function (critic) and reduces memory and compute overhead relative to critic-based PPO pipelines for aligning large language models.
arXiv:2606. 29713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Hallucination is the reliability bottleneck for LLM-based agents, and fact attribution verifiers are the last line of defense -- yet today's verifiers emit only opaque binary labels, leaving agents unable to self-correct and operators unable to audit.
arXiv:2606. 29820v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In complex continuous-control reinforcement learning tasks, multimodal optimal actions often coincide with uncertain, multimodal return distributions, making reliable value estimation and multimodal exploration challenging.
arXiv:2606. 30520v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual environments are a demanding setting for quantum reinforcement learning (QRL): high-dimensional observations, unstable RL optimisation, and constrained variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are difficult to train jointly.
arXiv:2606. 30420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is a powerful paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs).
arXiv:2606. 29457v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When two companies bid to buy the same target, no one knows exactly what the target is worth.