Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 13

Unmasking Toxic Mimicry in Medical Offline Reinforcement Learning for ICU Sepsis Management via Counterfactual Clinical Audits

arXiv:2608. 11410v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers considerable promise for optimizing ICU treatment decisions, yet standard evaluation metrics Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Fitted Q-Evaluation (FQE) assess only behavioral imitation and cannot detect Toxic Mimicry, a failure mode in which agents replicate harmful patterns such as treatment withdrawal during comfort-care transitions.

By Hangqi Ren, Junyi Liao
arXiv AI
Aug 13

Teaching agentic AI to learn expert reasoning for rare disease diagnosis

arXiv:2606. 16149v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Rare disease diagnosis depends on expert reasoning that is scarce and difficult to transfer; off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs) rank the correct disease first in only 35.

By Minh-Ha Nguyen, Erica Gray, Bryce A. Schuler, Kevin W. Byram, Chih-Ting Yang, Fan Ma, Hua Xu, Wu-Chen Su, Chao Yan, Wei-Qi Wei, Adam Wright, Lisa Bastarache, Josh Peterson, Lingyao Li, Siyuan Ma, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Rizwan Hamid, Thomas A. Cassini, Cathy Shyr
arXiv AI
Aug 13

Dynamic Governance of Multi-LLM Agent Systems for Collaborative Conversational Outcomes

arXiv:2608. 11207v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When two LLM agents with structurally opposed objectives interact across multiple turns, the absence of a shared goal function produces not competition but collapse: the visitor capitulates, the site agent stops varying its approach, and the conversation terminates without achieving either agent's stated objective.

By Alexander Liss, Nicholas Desmond, Santiago Gil Gallego
arXiv AI
Aug 13

A Hybrid Framework of Vision Transformer and Gated Recurrent Unit for Detection of Mosquito Diseases

arXiv:2608. 11582v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Identifying dengue virus-infected mosquitoes from control mosquitoes is a major challenge in analyzing mosquito locomotion behavior due to the small size and complexity of the video background.

By Danial Sharifrazi, Saadat Behzadi, Nouman Javed, Roohallah Alizadehsani, Prasad N. Paradkar, Asim Bhatti
arXiv AI
Aug 13

Diffuse to Compress: Leveraging Diffusion LMs for Lossless Compression

arXiv:2608. 11249v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the problem of lossless text compression, motivated by the rapid growth in the collection and storage of digital textual data - including plain text, source code, and structured formats such as XML - and by recent advances in neural language model-based compression.

By Angelo Nardone, Paolo Ferragina
arXiv AI
Aug 13

Backdoor Decontamination Dynamics in LLM Agents

arXiv:2608. 11295v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Open-weight LLM agents are vulnerable to backdoors installed during fine-tuning, which may be undetectable if the trigger conditions are never met during testing.

By Gabriel Huang, Abhay Puri, L\'eo Boisvert, Alexandre Drouin, Perouz Taslakian, Spandana Gella, Christopher Pal
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 13

Why AI Detection Fails for Academic Integrity

arXiv:2608. 11256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Institutions use commercial AI detectors for academic integrity, yet detectors cannot distinguish AI editing from full LLM drafts and may treat both as misconduct.

By Jonathan A. Karr Jr, Grigorii Khvatskii, Ting Hua, Nitesh V. Chawla