DAGent introduces an Evaluate‑then‑Grow planning approach for deep research agents, building directed acyclic graphs incrementally based on confidence and uncertainty from completed tasks. The framework includes a hierarchical context layer for efficient query handling and a structural reinforcement learning component, DAGRPO, that rewards topology‑conditioned execution. Experiments on BrowseComp‑Plus, GAIA, and xbench‑DeepSearch show DAGent outperforming strong baselines across multiple backbones and scaling to large language models.
By Hanwen Liu, Yuanfu Sun, Qiaoyu Tan
UniAE-MoE is a unified audio encoder that uses a Mixture-of-Experts architecture to model cross‑domain audio representations. It integrates encoder components from Qwen2‑Audio and Audio‑Flamingo 3, enhances them with SwiGLU and shared experts, and applies a two‑stage instruction‑tuning strategy along with task‑specific data scaling. The model achieves state‑of‑the‑art results on the XARES‑LLM benchmark (0.802) and tops the Interspeech 2026 Audio Encoder Capability Challenge, demonstrating strong generalization across speech, music, and general audio tasks.
By Shengbo Cai, Zhisheng Zhang, Zichao Nie, Jing Peng, Jingran Xie, Zhiyong Wu
EngramBench is a new benchmark designed to evaluate skill evolution in autonomous agents by focusing on genuine capability abstraction rather than solution copying. It includes 30 learning tasks and 13 unseen transfer tasks that require agents to manage complex, multi-hour development cycles with LLM‑simulated users. The study shows that while static skill banks cannot eliminate the need for precise code implementation, they effectively reduce redundant context and cut overall coding time by more than 55%.
By Zhixuan Tan, Pengjie Gu, Zhao Li, Yihan Hu, Xu He, Dong Li, Jianye Hao
The paper introduces FDCU, a dual‑constrained subspace projection framework designed to improve machine unlearning for large language models. FDCU limits parameter updates with a dual‑masking rule that preserves general knowledge via Fisher Information while preventing the activation of spurious suppressors through the Principle of Minimal Functional Intervention. Experiments show that FDCU achieves state‑of‑the‑art robustness against retraining attacks while maintaining near‑lossless general utility, thereby ensuring durable safety for LLMs.
By Jiaqing Li, Shide Zhou, Zhibo Zhang, Yuxi Li, Tianlong Yu, Kailong Wang
The paper introduces Galahad, a memory layer that stores a transformer language model’s key‑value state for blocks of text, allowing subsequent requests to reuse previously computed attention rather than recomputing it. On seven real‑world datasets, 98.7% of prompt tokens were already read, and with Galahad the model could attend to an entire 97,000‑token corpus, achieving 98–100% recall on a 100‑fact test while reducing inference time and energy consumption dramatically. The approach was validated across 30 models and all runtimes, demonstrating that stateful inference can replace stateless serving without loss of accuracy.
By Sietse Schelpe
The paper introduces a new skill poisoning technique for large language model agents that decouples the pretext (rationale) from the actuation (operation). By separating these two risk‑realization factors, the authors create coordinated pretext‑actuation skill pairs that allow malicious actions to remain hidden within legitimate agent behavior. An automated framework is presented to discover execution dependencies, synthesize these skill pairs, and refine them through closed‑loop feedback, achieving high attack success in both single‑session and persistent scenarios.
By Wenxin Wu, Lingyong Yan, Lei Sha, Shuaiqiang Wang, Jiashu Zhao
The paper introduces STAR‑Ar, a BERT‑BiLSTM‑CRF model designed for the Daleel 2026 Arabic argument mining shared task. It treats argument discourse unit detection and classification as a token‑level sequence labeling problem, achieving an F1‑score of 72.69 on validation and 73.7 on test data. Analysis shows that models trained only on editorial texts perform worse than those trained on debates, mainly due to the smaller editorial dataset.
By Bhuvanesh Verma, Ali Abusaleh, Alexander Mehler
GroundingPI is a 4‑billion‑parameter grounding foundation model that generates points and boxes as quantized coordinates in a shared vocabulary. It is trained with multimodal and spatial pretraining, supervised fine‑tuning, and reinforcement learning, achieving a new state‑of‑the‑art average of 73.68% across 34 grounding benchmarks. As a visual backbone, GroundingPI improves performance in robotic manipulation and autonomous driving, outperforming larger models and mainstream backbones in several out‑of‑distribution settings.
By Qize Yu, Lianrui Fan, Boyu Chen, Jiaqi Liang, Xini Ding, Yue Chen, Zetian Song, Yuran Wang, Yi Zou, Kaixuan Wang, Tianxing Chen, Wenxuan Song, Bohan Zhou, Mingleyang Li, Siqiao Huang, Yuqi Ye, Caigao Jiang, Wei Wei, Ruihai Wu, Hang Zhang, Yixiao Ge, Shuchang Zhou, Shilong Liu, Xianming Liu, Ping Luo, Shiyu Huang
D‑Scope is a framework that links the interpretation of sparse autoencoder (SAE) features in diffusion transformers (DiTs) to controllable image generation. It aggregates SigLIP‑2 embeddings of highly activating image patches into visual centroids, matches target text descriptions against these centroids, and retrieves individual features without per‑feature text annotations. The method provides visual evidence for each selection and uses spatially masked interventions to test decoder directions under fixed generation conditions, evaluated across 150 SAEs and a benchmark of 100 target concepts.
By Xinyue Xu, Jiahao Zhang, Lijie Hu, Peter Hase, Hao Wang
The paper titled "Pretext: Defeating Malicious Skill Detection Frameworks for AI Agents" demonstrates how an attacker can bypass current skill‑scanning defenses by crafting malicious skills that evade both static analysis and LLM‑based semantic checks. By moving malicious payloads into natural language and distributing instructions across files, the white‑box attacker named Pretext achieves high evasion rates—up to 97% against a frozen detector and 77% against a co‑adaptive one—across three open‑source models.
By Tobias Kaisar, Aritra Dhar
The paper examines the reliability of lie detection probes for language models when the models adopt anti-factual personas, such as conspiracy theorists. A dataset of 8,916 human-reviewed responses from three LLMs was created, and eight existing probes were evaluated, revealing many fail to flag falsehoods under these personas. The authors also constructed confounder datasets showing that probes often track spurious correlations like instruction compliance, and propose a simple linear probe that performs best on both persona and confounder tests.
By Maximilian von Klinski, Sebastian Lapuschkin, Wojciech Samek, Lennart B\"urger
Mid‑Harness proposes a test‑time compute strategy that samples and verifies candidate actions before execution, keeping the underlying generator and harness unchanged. Experiments show that with a strong verifier, sampling more actions significantly boosts success rates—e.g., a GPT‑5.6 verifier raises Pass@1 from 50.00 % to 68.03 % on TerminalBench‑Lite using eight samples. The approach also improves performance across various models, benchmarks, and harnesses, demonstrating that action scaling is a promising target for enhancing terminal agent reliability.
By Minki Kang, Ryo Hachiuma, Shaokun Zhang, Subhashree Radhakrishnan, Yonggan Fu, Jindong Jiang, Mingjie Liu, Ehsan Hosseini-Asl, Yi Dong, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang, Byung-Kwan Lee
PhantomEnvironments is a framework that trains large language model agents in synthetic, rule‑generated fictional worlds. By creating multi‑turn reinforcement learning environments where agents search templated articles to answer multi‑hop questions, the approach eliminates the need for costly human data or hallucinated LLM‑generated settings. Agents trained in these zero‑cost, purely rule‑based worlds transfer effectively to real‑world multi‑hop search benchmarks, often surpassing models trained on real data, and demonstrate scalable search behavior that grows linearly with question difficulty.
By Anmol Kabra, Swathi Saravana Selvam, Albert Gong, Chao Wan, Christian Belardi, Dongyoung Go, Katie Z. Luo, Kilian Q. Weinberger
arXiv:2609.40322v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Material generation should produce not only an appearance, but also the rules that construct it. We introduce MatLoom, a compact, layer-oriented lang...
By Anson Y. Lam, Shuqing Li, Michael R. Lyu
arXiv:2511.00763v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We investigate the performance of large language models (LLMs) on repetitive deterministic prediction tasks and study how the sequence accuracy rat...
By Wanda Hou, Leon Zhou, Hong-Ye Hu, Yubei Chen, Yi-Zhuang You, Xiao-Liang Qi
arXiv:2609.40360v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet their predictions...
By Junshu Pan, Zhizhang Fu, Shulin Huang, Yiran Ding, Zifan Cheng, Wenqi Shao, Qiaosheng Zhang, Yue Zhang
arXiv:2605.27981v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Evaluating the efficiency of algorithmic code requires test cases that expose runtime bottlenecks. Previous methods generate efficiency test cases...
By Soohan Lim, Joonghyuk Hahn, Hyundong Jin, Yo-Sub Han
arXiv:2607.28109v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Synthetic textbook data has improved language model pre-training, but prior work largely treats the benefit as a property of generated content or l...
By Jiawen Tao, Miao Peng, Yaoming Li, Xiaokun Yuan, Mengzhou Wu, Wenhan Yu, Guoan Wang, Nuo Chen, Tong Yang, Maxm Pan
arXiv:2609.00768v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Self-play supports the self-evolution of language models, but solver performance can plateau or decline across rounds without guidance. Existing un...
By Xincheng Wei, Yifan Ding, Fucheng Xiong, Yoshua Li, Dongsheng Ma, Rongxiang Weng, Xunliang Cai, Wenjian Ding, Yao Zhang
arXiv:2609.25187v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Task planning bridges high-level instructions and executable behavior in long-horizon manipulation, yet modern Vision-Language-Action (VLA) systems...
By Howard Lu, Shalfun Li, Porter Pan, Cris, Lumen, Cyril, Eric Hu, Lily Li, Maeve Zhang, Rain Sun, Robert Wang, KZ Zheng, Viggo Chen, Tim Ding, Regsis Cheng, YJ Xiao, Kian, Hai Lin, Alan Song, Elise Ma, Gody Li, Victor Yao, Yohann Tang, Ingrid Yu, Jason He, James Wang, Ryan Yu, Ping Yang, Chris Pan, Vincent Chen, Roy Gan, Hao Wang, Qian Wang