Non-invasive blood glucose level (BGL) estimation from photoplethysmography (PPG) holds great promise for wearable health monitoring, but results across studies are hard to compare due to inconsistent datasets, data leakage, and non-standardized evaluation metrics. We present the first reproducible, extensible evaluation pipeline and use it to reassess five representative PPG-based BGL methods on published datasets under three increasingly strict data-split protocols: random window-level, participant-aware, and leave-some-participants-out (LSPO).
FairGlucose is a 300‑patient CGM cohort balanced across 12 demographic strata, providing 132,480 forecasting samples and 3,945 behavioral events. Benchmarking 33 models on 2‑hour glucose forecasting revealed that population‑level validation masks significant subgroup disparities, with error ratios ranging from 0.8 to 1.4 and T1D patients experiencing 6 mg/dL higher error than T2D. The study shows that these gaps persist across all models, align with clinically hard cases, and vary with input‑length sensitivity, underscoring the need for subgroup‑disaggregated reporting in digital health AI.
By Junjie Luo, Xuzhe Zhi, Rui Han, Abhimanyu Kumbara, Anand K. Iyer, Mansur E. Shomali, Ritu Agarwal, Guodong Gordon Gao
arXiv:2608. 00943v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automated sleep staging assigns discrete stage labels to successive time epochs throughout an overnight recording; conventionally each window spans at least 30 seconds, reflecting the minimum temporal resolution of the clinical scoring standard.
By Shuntian Zheng, Jiawei Wang, Cong Fu, Huan Yu, Chen Chen, Yu Guan, Sai Gu
arXiv:2607. 21117v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Preprocessing blood glucose time-series data is a critical yet often overlooked step in developing data-driven methods for diabetes management, particularly for type 1 diabetes.
By Davide Marelli, Giorgia Rigamonti, Mirko Paolo Barbato, Paolo Napoletano
arXiv:2606. 16056v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dysglycemia, encompassing both prediabetes and diabetes, affects huge numbers of adults worldwide, yet many of them remain undiagnosed.
By Black Sun, Chenyi Zhang, Kaiyi Ji, Xi Lu
arXiv:2606. 12699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) poses an increasing global health threat, demanding effective glycemic assessment to support personalized and improved diabetes care.
By Yifan Gao, Yanmin Gong, Yun Shi, Yuanxiong Guo