The paper examines how fairness conclusions in ICU mortality prediction using MIMIC-IV depend on the choice of metrics and the granularity of demographic analysis. It compares predictive-utility and subgroup-error metrics across various fairness interventions and introduces a lightweight adaptation strategy that balances ethnicity, gender, and insurance representation without conditioning on mortality outcomes. The study finds that different interventions can be evaluated differently across accuracy, sensitivity, and false-positive rate, and that marginal demographic summaries may hide heterogeneous error patterns within intersectional subgroups.
By Abdullah Al Noman, Fahmid Al Rifat, Tahrima Hashem, Syed Muhammad Ibne Zulfiker, Rishov Paul, Tanzima HAshem
arXiv:2607. 16253v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine learning-based Type 2 diabetes risk prediction models obtain good internal validation results but lose effectiveness in real-world applications due to deficient external testing and fairness assessment.
By Rajveer Singh Pall, Sameer Yadav, Siddharth Bhalerao, Sourabh Sahu, Ritu Ahluwalia, Bhaskar Awadhiya
arXiv:2607. 08953v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Algorithmic fairness methods are increasingly used to identify and mitigate bias in machine learning models, yet most approaches are evaluated in isolation and along single demographic axes.
By Nick Souligne, Isabella Mixton-Garcia, Vignesh Subbian
arXiv:2606. 30702v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Structured tabular data dominates clinical medicine, yet existing benchmarks fail to reflect real-world properties like complex survey sampling, demographic oversampling, and subgroup fairness.
By Federico Felizzi
arXiv:2604. 23954v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) models used in clinical settings are increasingly deployed to support clinical decision-making.
By Ioannis Bilionis, Ricardo C. Berrios, Luis Fernandez-Luque, Carlos Castillo
The paper investigates demographic bias in large language model (LLM) predictions of ICU mortality and introduces Case-Based Prompting (CAP), a training‑free method that adds clinically similar historical cases as contextual evidence. CAP improves predictive performance on the MIMIC‑IV dataset, raising AUROC from 0.806 to 0.873 and AUPRC from 0.497 to 0.694, while reducing subgroup disparities for sex and White‑Black comparisons. The study also shows that simply removing demographic information does not uniformly enhance fairness or accuracy, and that feature‑dependence patterns remain consistent across groups.
By Gangxiong Zhang, Yongchao Long, Yuxi Zhou, Yong Zhang, Shenda Hong