arXiv AI By Jingjie Ning, Xueqi Li, Yibo Kong, Dongting Li

Predictive Credit: Measuring What Scientific Explanations Add to Experimental Forecasts

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The study evaluates how scientific explanations influence experimental forecasts by comparing paired predictions that share the same intervention, forecaster, and outcome but differ in description, matched explanation, and donor context. Across 336 prospective states, 12 Tox21 endpoints, and 24 OpenML tasks, the predictive credit of explanations was largely inconclusive, with key metrics such as ROC AUC interval-score and point-equivalence rules unmet. While certain model variants (e.g., DeepSeek V4 Pro) reduced drift and improved some error metrics, overall matched point-accuracy gains and natural-explanation credit remained unconfirmed at the tested donor resolutions.

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