arXiv AI
Aug 19

Structured Driving-State Narratives for Small Language Model-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection

The paper introduces a small language model (SLM)-based framework that detects and classifies GNSS spoofing attacks on autonomous vehicles by converting vehicle states from GNSS and other sensors into structured semantic narratives. The SLM achieves performance comparable to large language models, with an average accuracy of 96.99%, while offering lower inference latency and reduced GPU memory usage. Field tests in Clemson, South Carolina, confirm the framework’s real‑time detection capabilities on resource‑constrained vehicular platforms.

By Abyad Enan, Sagar Dasgupta, Mizanur Rahman, Mashrur Chowdhury