The paper introduces the Fixed Suffix Dependency Ratio (FSDR) as a metric to measure how much loanwords depend on fixed derivational suffixes for gender assignment. Analyzing 1,832 Latvian noun lemmas, it finds that feminine loanwords rely more on fixed suffixes while masculine loanwords are largely free‑choice, a pattern that has intensified in recent usage. FSDR offers a quantitative tool for distinguishing morphological anchoring from default gender in language contact scenarios.
By Yelingyun Zhang, Atis Kapenieks, Marina Platonova
arXiv:2502.10577v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Instruct-based large language models (LLMs) have been shown to propagate and even amplify gender bias when prompted with contextually constra...
By Enzo Doyen, Amalia Todirascu
arXiv:2608. 08606v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Machine translation (MT) systems often fail to correctly translate gender, especially when converting from a gender-neutral language like English to a gendered target language such as Romanian.
By Ioana Grigore, Sergiu Nisioi
arXiv:2608.28924v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Linguistic theory has long recognized cross-linguistic syntactic regularities, leading to claims that these similar structures are processed by similar...
By Sasha Boguraev, Toshiki Nakai, Kyle Mahowald, Julius Steuer
arXiv:2606. 30152v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Contextual language models conflate grammatical gender and social semantic bias in gendered languages such as Spanish.
By Huanping Xiao, Yingji Li
This article tackles an important phenomenon in the syntax of Yemeni Ibbi Arabic (YIA), viz. , wh-agreement, a phenomenon common to several languages including Greek, Indonesian, Lubukusu, Irish, etc.