Deep neural nets achieve remarkable performance when training and test data share the same distribution, but this assumption frequently breaks in real-world deployment, where data undergoes continual distributional shifts. Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) addresses this challenge by adapting pretrained models to non-stationary target distributions on-the-fly, without access to source data or labeled targets, while mitigating two critical failure modes: catastrophic forgetting of source knowledge and error accumulation from noisy pseudo-labels over extended time horizons.
The paper surveys Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA), a framework that adapts pretrained computer‑vision models to non‑stationary target distributions without source data or labeled targets, while avoiding catastrophic forgetting and error accumulation. It formally defines the CTTA problem, categorizes existing methods into optimization‑based, parameter‑efficient, and architecture‑based families, and reviews representative techniques and benchmarks across standard evaluation settings. The survey also outlines current limitations and proposes future research directions, such as adapting foundation models and black‑box systems.
By Sarthak Kumar Maharana, Shambhavi Mishra, Yunbei Zhang, Shuaicheng Niu, Taki Hasan Rafi, Jihun Hamm, Marco Pedersoli, Jose Dolz, Yunhui Guo
The paper introduces a domain‑specific parameter‑isolation architecture for domain‑incremental learning (DIL) in audio classification, aiming to preserve knowledge from earlier domains without accessing their data. By employing data‑free generative replay and cross‑domain feature generation, the method constructs new experts conditioned on all previously frozen models, thereby mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Applied to the DCASE 2026 Challenge Task 7, the approach achieves micro and macro accuracies of 78.4 % and 78.9 %, outperforming the baseline by 33 and 25 percentage points, respectively, with ablation studies confirming the contribution of each component.
By Jongyeon Park, Do-Hyeon Lim, Sang-won Park, Hong Kook Kim, Kyungdeuk Ko, Hyeongcheol Geum, Jeong Eun Lim
arXiv:2607. 07907v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the growing adoption of VLMs, DMs, LLMs, and AFMs, these multimodal foundation models can inadvertently encode sensitive, copyrighted, biased, or unsafe cross-modal associations that originate from their training data.
By Nobin Sarwar, Shubhashis Roy Dipta, Zheyuan Liu, Vaidehi Patil
Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to continuously learn new classes without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. While recent CIL advances have spurred significant interest across various modalities, the audio-visual setting remains underexplored.
The paper introduces a new Continual Audio‑Visual Segmentation (CAVS) task that enables continuous segmentation of new classes guided by audio. It identifies two key challenges—multi‑modal semantic drift and co‑occurrence confusion—and proposes a Collision‑based Multi‑modal Rehearsal (CMR) framework with Multi‑modal Sample Selection (MSS) and Collision‑based Sample Rehearsal (CSR) strategies to address them. Experiments on three audio‑visual incremental scenarios show that CMR outperforms single‑modal continual learning methods.
By Yuyang Hong, Qi Yang, Tao Zhang, Zili Wang, Zhaojin Fu, Kun Ding, Bin Fan, Shiming Xiang