arXiv AI By Saibal Ghosh, Samarup Bhattacharya, Sanjoy Kumar Saha, Umapada Pal, Tapabrata Chakraborti

Adaptive Conformal Redistribution for Inter-class Transitional Uncertainty in Medical Image Classification

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The paper introduces AdaConRed, a label‑free post‑conformal decision rule that transforms ambiguous conformal prediction sets into single class assignments for medical image classification. It employs a five‑stage pipeline—vision‑language generative augmentation, a frozen DermFoundation encoder, a lightweight MLP classifier, an entropy‑modulated margin‑aware nonconformity score, and a reassignment step for transitional samples—to improve accuracy on OSCC and ISIC benchmarks. Results show notable gains in malignant class accuracy while maintaining overall performance.

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arXiv Computer Vision
Oct 16

A Decision-Aware Evaluation Protocol for Uncertainty in Medical Image Segmentation

The paper introduces a decision‑aware evaluation protocol for medical image segmentation uncertainty that separates uncertainty estimation from deferral policy and assesses their joint performance under fixed review budgets. It reports metrics such as fixed‑budget error reduction, risk‑coverage behavior, region‑level review proxies, structural failure modes, and sensitivity to review assumptions. Experiments on retinal vessel, skin lesion, and polyp segmentation with various backbones and uncertainty estimators show that estimator rankings vary with review unit, uncertainty target, and cost model, and that boundary and thin‑structure failures are partly due to annotation ambiguity.

By Saket Maganti, Shreyank N Gowda