Medical image anomaly detection remains challenging because networks pretrained on natural images often exhibit limited adaptability to medical images, where abnormal patterns appear as fine-grained local shifts, multi-scale contextual mismatches, and orientation-sensitive structural deviations. To address this, we propose the Collaborative Feature Refinement Network (CFR-Net), which combines shared teacher-student feature refinement before decoding with cross-space consistency after decoding.
arXiv:2604. 19191v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deploying AI-based anomaly detection across diverse clinical imaging settings remains challenging because most existing methods rely on modality-specific architectures, anatomical priors, or extensive retraining, limiting their use as general-purpose screening tools.
By Pritam Kar, Gouri Lakshmi S, Saptarshi Bej
arXiv:2607. 00744v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prenatal anomaly classification and localization is of critical importance for fetal health and pregnancy management.
By Huanwen Liang, Yuhao Huang, Xiliang Zhu, Yuanji Zhang, Xuedong Deng, Xinru Gao, Guowei Tao, Yuhan Zhang, Dong Ni
arXiv:2607. 14703v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become the main paradigm for whole-slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology.
By Mingxi Fu, Jiawen Li, Renao Yan, Jiali Hu, Qiehe Sun, Tian Guan, Yonghong He
arXiv:2507. 21164v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) aims to detect anomalies without labeled data, a necessity in many machine learning applications where anomalous samples are rare or not available.
By Nicolas Pinon (MYRIAD), Robin Trombetta (MYRIAD), Carole Lartizien (MYRIAD)
Unified visual anomaly detection seeks to train a single detector that can be deployed across categories, domains, and application scenarios. In the few-shot transfer regime, the key challenge is to estimate an episode-specific boundary for an unseen target category from a small support set.
The paper introduces FreNet, a feature reconfiguration framework that incorporates visual priors for medical lesion segmentation. FreNet performs pixel‑level reconfiguration before encoding using an Implicit Prior Neural Network (IPNN) that leverages SAM, and feature‑level reconfiguration during encoding via a Dual‑domain Feature Reconfiguration (DFR) module, which includes a Frequency Decoupling Module (FDM) and a Spatial Localization Module (SLM). Experiments on nine benchmarks across three imaging modalities show that FreNet outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods, achieving a 5.0% Dice improvement over the best baseline on the ETIS dataset and a 7.2% improvement over SAM.
By Yinan Liu, Jiankang Hong, Zhen Gao, Ye Lu
Feature Reconfiguration With Visual Prior for Medical Lesion Segmentation proposes FreNet, a framework that reconfigures images and features before and during encoding to improve lesion segmentation. It introduces an Implicit Prior Neural Network that uses a visual prior from SAM to suppress background responses, and a Dual-domain Feature Reconfiguration module that decouples features in frequency and spatial domains to better handle diverse lesion morphology. Experiments on nine benchmarks across three imaging modalities show FreNet outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods, achieving a 5.0% Dice improvement over the best prior method on the ETIS dataset.
arXiv:2608. 00442v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Medical anomaly detection identifies abnormal images and localizes lesions under scarce supervision while generalizing across organs and modalities.
By Yibo Wan, Jinyu Cai, See-kiong Ng
arXiv:2609.37682v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The rapid expansion of large-scale medical datasets and computational resources has driven significant progress in medical foundation models. Given the...
By Chu Zhang, Haoyu Jiang, Hongyuan Zhang, Hongbin Liu, Dong Yi
arXiv:2607. 13043v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep learning models achieve state-of-the-art image classification but face deployment challenges due to computational costs and energy demands.
By Daniel Vila-Cruz, Laura Mor\'an-Fern\'andez, Ver\'onica Bol\'on-Canedo
The paper introduces a contrastive learning approach for anomaly detection in multi-illumination and multi-focus display images. It builds on Multiresolution Knowledge Distillation (MKD) and proposes Multiresolution Contrastive Distillation (MCD), which eliminates the need for explicit positive/negative pairs by adjusting distances between teacher and student features. A blending module aggregates multi-channel data into a three‑channel input, and the method achieves superior AUROC and accuracy on the MMdAD dataset compared to state‑of‑the‑art baselines.
By Jihyun Lee, Hangil Park, Yongmin Seo, Taewon Min, Joodong Yun, Jaewon Kim, Tae-Kyun Kim