The paper introduces the latent space item response model (LSIRM) as a tool for uncovering how language models differ on specific benchmark items. By mapping 1,348 models across 5,761 BBH items and comparing scoring methods across BBH, GPQA, MMLU-Pro, and MuSR, the authors show that items with similar correct answers cluster together, especially when scored by option labels. LSIRM separates a model’s tendency to perform better on certain answer categories from other performance differences, revealing that small changes in scoring can dramatically alter model rankings.
arXiv:2608. 06609v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated item evaluation (AIE) refers to the use of computational methods to assess item quality without requiring manual expert review or field testing of the items under evaluation.
arXiv:2608. 11947v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multiple-choice benchmarks are widely used to evaluate large language models, but MCQ scores conflate knowledge with sensitivity to option order, which makes them unreliable measures of model knowledge.
arXiv:2609.15467v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Adding answer options can lower multiple-choice scores without improving assessment validity. Turkish MMLU Pro examines this distinction using 12,000...
arXiv:2610.28522v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision models support routing, guardrails, and output verification in LLM systems. However, item accuracy alone cannot establish whether models make...
arXiv:2608.20385v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Systematic reviews rely on quality appraisal of included studies, a process that is time-consuming and sensitive to ambiguity in checklist criteria. Al...
arXiv:2609.09372v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Although MMLU is widely adopted as a benchmark for calibrating general AI capabilities, we psychometrically demonstrate that its aggregate score prim...
The paper investigates whether accuracy and order sensitivity in large language model (LLM) multiple‑choice question (MCQ) evaluation move together. Using proprietary and open‑weight models on MMLU and ARC‑Challenge, the authors measure order sensitivity with flip rate and recall standard deviation (RStd) and find that these metrics often diverge from accuracy and from each other. They conclude that accuracy alone is insufficient and recommend reporting both flip rate and RStd alongside accuracy.
arXiv:2601. 02580v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional methods for determining assessment item parameters, such as difficulty and discrimination, rely heavily on expensive field testing to collect student performance data for Item Response Theory (IRT) calibration.
LLM arenas turn pairwise human preferences into model rankings. Those preferences may reflect how an answer is presented as well as what it says. We take a stylometric approach to 137,293 decisive Fre...
PADM'E is a method for synthesizing preference‑aligned data to meta‑evaluate language‑model (LM) evaluators of agentic behaviors. It reframes meta‑evaluation as a preference judgment problem, generating criterion‑based data with small LMs and no human involvement. In a prototype, PADM'E produced 1,000 samples across four domains and three criteria, and human validation showed agreement with human judgment rising from 73% to 85% compared to a naive baseline.
The study investigates how prior scores influence large language model (LLM) judgments in the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm. By testing three prompt conditions—no metadata, revision framing, and anchored metadata containing prior scores—the authors find that prior scores systematically bias evaluations, shifting ratings toward those scores across 192,000 attempts. The bias also affects categorical decisions, blocking 48% of error corrections and flipping 10.18% of correct judgments, and is not mitigated by Chain-of-Thought or a warning, underscoring the need for careful context engineering.
arXiv:2511. 21692v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate how well large language models (LLMs) generalize across different task difficulties, a key question for effective data curation and evaluation.