arXiv Computation and Language By Timo van der Kuil (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Bruno Messina Coimbra (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Mirjam van Zuiden (Clinical Psychology Utrecht University), Robert A. Bagheri (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Rens van de Schoot (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Klaas Dieleman (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Berend Greijn (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Stefan Houkes (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Sebastiaan Rodenhuis (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University), Elizabeth M. Grandfield (Methodology and Statistics Utrecht University)

Using Human-LLM Disagreement to Improve Checklist-Based Quality Appraisal

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arXiv Computation and Language
Aug 27

Anchoring Bias in LLM-as-a-Judge Systems: Prior Scores Compromise Evaluation Independence

The study investigates how prior scores influence large language model (LLM) judgments in the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm. By testing three prompt conditions—no metadata, revision framing, and anchored metadata containing prior scores—the authors find that prior scores systematically bias evaluations, shifting ratings toward those scores across 192,000 attempts. The bias also affects categorical decisions, blocking 48% of error corrections and flipping 10.18% of correct judgments, and is not mitigated by Chain-of-Thought or a warning, underscoring the need for careful context engineering.

By Ante Kapetanovic, Kemal Altwlkany, Andro Mercep, Tomislav Duricic, Emanuel Lacic