arXiv:2607. 28634v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The estimation of item difficulty plays a key role in both formative assessment and large-scale high-stakes summative assessments.
By Xinyi Wang, Hong Jiao, Ming Li, Sydney Peters, Hanna Choi, Tianyi Zhou, Qingshu Xu
arXiv:2607. 26067v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for estimating item difficulty in educational assessment.
By Amanda La Hadi, Muhammad Johan Alibasa, Guanliang Chen, A. Taufiq Asyhari
arXiv:2603. 13761v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Curriculum learning--ordering training examples in a sequence to aid machine learning--takes inspiration from human learning, but has not gained widespread acceptance.
By Amogh Inamdar, Zhenwei Tang, Ashton Anderson, Richard Zemel
arXiv:2602. 12424v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Benchmarks establish a standardized evaluation framework to systematically assess the performance of large language models (LLMs), facilitating objective comparisons and driving advancements in the field.
By Ziqian Zhang, Xingjian Hu, Yue Huang, Kai Zhang, Ruoxi Chen, Yixin Liu, Qingsong Wen, Kaidi Xu, Xiangliang Zhang, Neil Zhenqiang Gong, Lichao Sun
arXiv:2601. 02580v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Traditional methods for determining assessment item parameters, such as difficulty and discrimination, rely heavily on expensive field testing to collect student performance data for Item Response Theory (IRT) calibration.
By Christopher Ormerod
arXiv:2510. 05969v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient resource allocation.
By Sunbowen Lee, Qingyu Yin, Chak Tou Leong, Jialiang Zhang, Yicheng Gong, Shiwen Ni, Min Yang, Xiaoyu Shen