The paper surveys the state of Explainable AI (XAI) in Arabic NLP, highlighting three gaps: a method gap where Arabic XAI relies mainly on limited post‑hoc techniques; a task gap with most work focused on classification tasks and little on generation, retrieval, or dialogue; and a linguistic gap where explanations rarely address Arabic‑specific phenomena such as morphology, dialects, and diglossia. It proposes a taxonomy of tasks, methods, linguistic units, and evaluation practices, and outlines a research agenda for linguistically grounded Arabic XAI.
By Salima Lamsiyah, Ruslan Mitkov
Keyword retrieval returns expressions of personal anxiety together with many other uses of anxiety-related language. We present a benchmark of 1,000 Arabic Twitter/X posts retrieved with the keyword q...
arXiv:2611.07949v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Keyword retrieval returns expressions of personal anxiety together with many other uses of anxiety-related language. We present a benchmark of 1,000 Ar...
By Shimaa Ibrahim, Mabrouka Bessghaier, Md. Rafiul Biswas, Insaf Elouard, Wajdi Zaghouani
arXiv:2609.16006v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve users whose expectations are shaped by their cultural context, yet most cultural evaluations test wha...
By Enes Altinisik, Hamdy Mubarak, Masoomali Fatehkia, Husrev_Taha_Sencar Husrev Taha Sencar
The paper introduces a rubric-based benchmark to evaluate Saudi Arabic dialect and cultural competence in large language models. It comprises 31 expert-authored prompts covering idiomatic, pragmatic, lexical, and culturally embedded aspects, each paired with an expert-established ground truth. Four state-of-the-art models were scored, revealing that none exceeded 55% accuracy and that ambiguous framing was the most common error type.
By Ghassan Al-Sumaidaee, Sajjad Abdoli, Ahmed Rashad, Maxim Legg
arXiv:2608.23421v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP) has grown rapidly over the past decade, driven by digital transformation in the Arab world, social media, and large l...
By Mullosharaf K. Arabov
Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) has grown rapidly over the past decade, driven by digital transformation in the Arab world, social media, and large language models (LLMs). Despite this growth...
AraDetox is a newly released multi-dialect Arabic detoxification dataset containing 10,500 harmful social‑media posts and 84,000 detoxified rewrites generated by GPT‑5 and Gemini 2.5 Flash across Modern Standard Arabic, Gulf, Levantine, and Egyptian Arabic. Human evaluation and automatic analyses confirm that the rewrites effectively remove harmful language while preserving meaning, lexical change, and dialectal style. The dataset is publicly available to support future research in Arabic detoxification, safe text generation, and multi‑dialect NLP.
By Mo El-Haj
arXiv:2610.15795v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Automated moderation systems are deployed at scale, yet they remain opaque to the users and moderators affected by their decisions, and their coverag...
By Muhammad Shahid Iqbal Malik
The study examines how Standard Arabic (SA) and Colloquial Arabic (CA) are distributed across X and Facebook by analyzing 10,000 public posts classified into seven discourse categories. Statistical tests reveal significant associations between discourse category and diglossic choice on both platforms, with platform also influencing diglossic choice. Logistic regression shows higher odds of SA use on X in certain domains, indicating that digital platforms reshape but do not erase diglossic boundaries.
By Fahad Al Hussen (King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), Mohammed Q. Shormani (Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen)
Camellia is a new benchmark that tests cultural bias in large language models (LLMs) across nine Asian languages and six Asian cultures. It contains 19,530 manually annotated entities linked to Asian or Western cultures and 2,173 masked social‑media contexts for these entities. Using Camellia, the authors evaluate four multilingual LLMs on cultural context adaptation, sentiment association, and entity extractive QA, finding that models struggle with cultural adaptation, exhibit differing biases across regions and families, and have difficulty understanding context in some Asian languages.
By Tarek Naous, Anagha Savit, Carlos Rafael Catalan, Geyang Guo, Jaehyeok Lee, Kyungdon Lee, Lheane Marie Dizon, Mengyu Ye, Neel Kothari, Sahajpreet Singh, Sarah Masud, Tanish Patwa, Trung Thanh Tran, Zohaib Khan, Alan Ritter, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Yuki Arase, Keisuke Sakaguchi, JinYeong Bak, Wei Xu
arXiv:2609.13980v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Arabic large-language-model (LLM) evaluation has matured around Modern Standard Arabic (MSA): aggregated leaderboards such as the Open Arabic LLM Lea...
By Nawar S. Alseelawi, Mustafa S. Aljumaily