arXiv:2607. 26160v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) encode diagnostic criteria, but LLM systems typically retrieve guideline text or absorb it through training rather than execute its rules.
arXiv:2607. 08038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diagnostic error is a major threat to patient safety, yet current large language model (LLM) systems often treat diagnosis as a one-shot prediction task, lacking safeguards against missed high-risk alternatives or rigorous verification of their reasoning.
arXiv:2608.21948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex clinical reasoning requires models to update diagnostic hypotheses as new evidence emerges and to coordinate different medical specialities und...
arXiv:2509. 02594v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on their ability to generate high-quality, accurate, situationally aware answers to clinical questions requires going beyond conventional benchmarks to assess how these systems behave in complex, high-stakes clinical scenarios.
The paper introduces Oph‑Guid‑RAG, a multimodal retrieval‑augmented generation system tailored for ophthalmology clinical question answering. It treats each guideline page as an independent evidence unit, retrieving page images to preserve tables, flowcharts, and layout, and employs a controllable retrieval framework with routing and filtering to reduce noise. Evaluated on HealthBench, the system outperforms GPT‑5.2 and GPT‑5.4 on hard cases, achieving significant gains in overall score and accuracy, and ablation studies confirm the importance of reranking, routing, and retrieval design.
arXiv:2601. 22324v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Modern clinical practice relies on evidence-based guidelines implemented as compact scoring systems composed of a small number of interpretable decision rules.
arXiv:2607. 22555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical diagnosis is a multi-stage process: extract facts, consult knowledge, generate a differential analysis, and select the best diagnosis with explanations.
VeriDx is a disease‑centric verification framework that links free‑form diagnostic reasoning to structured disease profiles, tracking whether each hypothesis satisfies, remains unresolved, or violates its clinical obligations. It exposes failures such as missing critical tests, unresolved differentials, ignored contradictions, unsupported claims, and premature closure. Applied to complex respiratory diagnosis, VeriDx reveals that many diagnostic errors stem from broken commitments made earlier in the reasoning process.
The paper introduces MACD, a Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis framework that enables large language models to self‑learn clinical knowledge through a multi‑agent pipeline of summarization, refinement, and application. MACD is extended into a human‑AI collaborative workflow where multiple diagnostician agents consult iteratively, guided by a judge agent and human oversight. Evaluation on the MIMIC‑MACD cohort shows significant gains in diagnostic accuracy—an average 11.6 percentage‑point improvement over authoritative knowledge for open‑weight LLMs and an 18.3‑percentage‑point boost over physician‑only diagnosis in text‑only vignettes.
arXiv:2609.36392v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In diseases where clinical guidelines are incomplete, contested, or mutually contradictory, knowledge completeness and dynamic conflict-aware synthesis...
arXiv:2607. 07761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important tools in healthcare, showing growing potential for clinical reasoning and patient care.
arXiv:2606. 16149v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Rare disease diagnosis depends on expert reasoning that is scarce and difficult to transfer; off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs) rank the correct disease first in only 35.
The paper introduces a retrieval‑augmented multi‑agent framework that automatically generates instance‑specific evaluation rubrics for medical language models. By retrieving authoritative medical evidence, decomposing it into atomic facts, and combining these with user interaction constraints, the system produces fine‑grained criteria that outperform GPT‑4o on HealthBench and LLMEval‑Med. The generated rubrics also guide response refinement, improving medical LLM output quality by 9.2%.