Annotation quality is a major bottleneck in building reliable and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems for mental health research. In depression-related datasets, labels are often assigned without structured evidence, symptom-level justification, or traceable alignment with the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), limiting both transparency and downstream model interpretability.
arXiv:2607. 15202v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Annotation quality is a major bottleneck in building reliable and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems for mental health research.
By Hoang-Loc Cao, Van Pham, Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen, Phuc Truong Loc Nguyen, Phuc Ho, Veronica Whitford, Hung Cao
arXiv:2605.22286v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Text-based counseling provides a valuable source of information for assessing depression severity. We study prediction of the total score on...
By Zhaomin Wu, Jiayi Li, Bingsheng He
BALMS is a benchmark for evaluating large language model (LLM) agents that analyze longitudinal wearable data to predict mental‑health wellbeing scores and generate evidence‑grounded rationales. It covers three real‑world datasets, two task families (score prediction and rationale generation), and tests five LLM backbones across open‑ and closed‑source paradigms. The study finds that zero‑shot agents rarely beat a simple mean baseline, and while chain‑of‑thought prompting helps reasoning, it does not ensure temporal grounding or numerical accuracy.
By Yu Yvonne Wu, Arvind Pillai, Yuliang Chen, Yuwei Zhang, Sudarshan Regmi, Tess Z. Griffin, Michael V. Heinz, Lisa A. Marsch, Nicholas C. Jacobson, Andrew Campbell
arXiv:2606.17973v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet validated questionnaires such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) often go unc...
By Olivier Tieleman, Samuel J. Bell, Ziyi Zhu, Ting Su, Elizabeth Kroll, Thomas D. Hull, Caitlin A. Stamatis
arXiv:2607. 25679v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal behavioral analysis offers a scalable approach to assessing depression, anxiety, and stress, yet generic fusion models often ignore the psychometric structure of questionnaire labels.
By Shiyu Teng, Haichen Yu, Jiaqing Liu, Hao Sun, Yu Song, Shurong Chai, Ruibo Hou, Lanfen Lin, Yen-Wei Chen
EviDial is a new benchmark for depression dialogue that separates label agreement from evidence grounding. It contains 382 dialogues and 2,744 participant-symptom cells, each annotated as absent, partial, conflicting, or sufficient evidence. The study finds that most predictions that match benchmark labels lack sufficient textual evidence, highlighting a gap between label accuracy and evidence-based assessment.
By Junjie Xu, Jin Zhu, Yuzhe Yang, Luhan Wang, Xingjiao Wu, Daoguo Dong, Jing Yang, Wenxin Wu, Liang He
arXiv:2606. 10796v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Automatic Depression Detection (ADD) from clinical interviews is a pivotal task in computational mental health, yet it remains challenging due to two critical obstacles: 1) difficulty in modeling complex but sparsely distributed depression clues within lengthy, multi-topic clinical interviews, leading to superficial and unreliable reasoning; 2) scarcity of labeled data due to clinical privacy, together with high cost of training and fine-tuning, limiting the deployment of supervised ADD systems.
By Yiqing Lyu, Xianbing Zhao, Buzhou Tang, Ronghuan Jiang
arXiv:2512. 06227v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Real-world indicators play an important role in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as life events for mental health analysis and risky behaviours for online safety, yet labelling such information is often costly and/or difficult due to its multi-label and dynamic nature.
By Junyu Mao, Anthony Hills, Talia Tseriotou, Maria Liakata, Aya Shamir, Dan Sayda, Dana Atzil-Slonim, Natalie Djohari, Pamela Ugwudike, Mahesan Niranjan, Stuart E. Middleton
arXiv:2606. 31464v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have motivated their adoption across a wide range of domains, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) for mental health.
By Kyomin Hwang, Hyeonjin Kim, Hyunho Lee, Nojun Kwak
arXiv:2610.27567v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Depression assessment from counseling speech requires integrating textual and acoustic psychological evidence across turns, yet existing end-to-end c...
By Chuanbo Zhu, Run Luo, Weibo Zhao, Yue Li, Kun Qian, Qiang Qu, Yike Guo, Minghuan Tan, Wei Xue
The study investigates how a large language model, Gemma-3-27B-PT, internally represents depressive symptoms. By applying mechanistic interpretability methods to the model’s residual stream, researchers found that symptom groups are geometrically distinct at layer 21, and that projected symptom vectors align with clinician-annotated rankings across mood, somatic, and suicidality dimensions. Additionally, a single depression vector at this layer can differentiate depressive from non-depressive text with an AUC of 0.789, suggesting a potential emotional valence gate for symptom projection.
By Fangyi Zhu, Ajay Subramanian, Allison Constant, Camille Wang, Ravish Gupta, Corey J. Keller