arXiv:2606. 13884v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern decision systems increasingly rely on learned components whose outputs may be confident yet wrong, exposing downstream actions to costly errors.
arXiv:2607. 02206v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Predictions are increasingly used to guide high-stakes decisions, from treatment selection to policy making.
arXiv:2510. 07750v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Robust optimization safeguards decisions against uncertainty by optimizing against worst-case scenarios, yet their effectiveness hinges on a prespecified robustness level that is often chosen ad hoc, leading to either insufficient protection or overly conservative and costly solutions.
arXiv:2607. 21806v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Predictive machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used to aid human decision-makers across various high-risk domains such as healthcare and criminal justice.
The paper introduces a post‑training framework that teaches a 4B‑parameter language model to exercise task‑conditioned authority in executable terminal and Model Context Protocol (MCP) environments. By auditing each action across six risk dimensions with deterministic verifiers and optimizing for task‑specific excess‑privilege values, the authors achieve 98.48% safe success and reduce excess‑authority errors from 4.56% to 0.79% on held‑out tasks. The study also demonstrates capability retention, prompt‑directed improvement, and generalization over a 400‑task continuation test.
arXiv:2606. 10228v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safe exploration is a prerequisite for deploying reinforcement learning (RL) agents in safety-critical domains.
The paper introduces SCOPE, a method that post‑trains computer‑use agents to balance task completion with safety by conditioning actions on environmental risk. It combines supervised fine‑tuning on three trajectory types—capability demonstrations, safe continuations, and explicit refusals—followed by reinforcement learning to improve performance. Experiments starting from Qwen3.5‑9B show that SCOPE‑RL achieves high task success and attack‑avoidance rates, outperforming other agents on OSWorld and OS‑BLIND benchmarks.
Policy learning aims to determine who should be treated based on individual characteristics. In high-stakes settings such as medicine and public policy where safety is a central concern, improving the...
arXiv:2604.14251v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Monitoring LLM safety at scale requires balancing cost and accuracy: a cheap latent-space probe can screen every input, but hard cases should be es...
arXiv:2609.17296v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Policy learning aims to determine who should be treated based on individual characteristics. In high-stakes settings such as medicine and public poli...
Counterfactual explanations are widely used to provide algorithmic recourse in high-stakes decision-making systems. Most existing methods seek the smallest change to an input that flips a model's decision.
arXiv:2606. 18832v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Counterfactual explanations are widely used to provide algorithmic recourse in high-stakes decision-making systems.
The paper introduces new evaluation metrics for safe reinforcement learning that go beyond average safety guarantees by examining how often and how severely safety bounds are violated, consistency across tasks and bounds, and the relationship between training-time and final policy behavior. It also proposes a safety tier system for categorizing algorithms and presents empirical safety evaluations on multiple navigation tasks. The authors recommend reporting aggregate metrics, distributional data, and task‑specific results together, and provide an open‑source suite, SafeRLEval, to facilitate reliable safety assessment.