arXiv:2504. 20908v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Current subgroup identification methods typically follow a two-step approach: first estimate conditional average treatment effects and then apply thresholding or rule-based procedures to define subgroups.
arXiv:2602. 22179v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In many applications, it is important to identify subpopulations that survive longer or shorter than the rest of the population.
arXiv:2607. 04085v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Routing-prediction federated learning has emerged as a new paradigm that reframes inter-client heterogeneity as a resource for system-level intelligence: at inference time, the server routes each external query to the best-matched client for prediction.
arXiv:2607. 18119v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Fair clustering aims to make cluster assignments independent of sensitive attributes, but this goal becomes challenging when multiple sensitive attributes jointly define many subgroups.
The paper introduces ROME, a framework that learns latent group structure while optimizing worst-group predictive performance. ROME links latent-variable modeling with distributionally robust optimization through an Expectation-Maximization approach for linear models and a neural Mixture-of-Experts for nonlinear settings. Experiments on simulations and three real-world regression datasets show that ROME improves worst-group performance while maintaining competitive overall accuracy compared to existing group-aware and group-label-free robust learning methods.
arXiv:2607. 05620v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In many decision-making settings, new interventions are acceptable only if they do not reduce outcomes below some established threshold.
arXiv:2607. 09102v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical imaging models are often deployed without the demographic, acquisition, and quality metadata needed for subgroup auditing.
arXiv:2606. 20461v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Machine learning models have been shown to exhibit discriminatory outcomes or degraded performance for individuals at the intersection of multiple sensitive attributes, such as race and gender.
arXiv:2510. 19893v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Medical AI systems demonstrated impressive diagnostic performance, yet they routinely show uneven accuracy across demographic groups, disadvantaging underrepresented populations.
The paper introduces a new method for timely risk classification in clinical monitoring, framing the problem as a multi‑objective optimization that balances early classification, sensitivity, specificity, and monitoring cost. It derives an optimal decision rule via a value recursion and estimates it from data using a recurrent neural network combined with a primal–dual updating scheme to enforce performance constraints. Experiments, including a case study on continuous glucose monitoring for hypoglycemia prediction, show that the approach produces accurate, timely decision rules that meet the specified operating characteristics.
arXiv:2602.06924v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deep learning models trained to optimize average accuracy often exhibit systematic failures on particular subpopulations. In real-world settings li...
The paper examines how fairness conclusions in ICU mortality prediction using MIMIC-IV depend on the choice of metrics and the granularity of demographic analysis. It compares predictive-utility and subgroup-error metrics across various fairness interventions and introduces a lightweight adaptation strategy that balances ethnicity, gender, and insurance representation without conditioning on mortality outcomes. The study finds that different interventions can be evaluated differently across accuracy, sensitivity, and false-positive rate, and that marginal demographic summaries may hide heterogeneous error patterns within intersectional subgroups.
arXiv:2606. 20115v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conformal risk control (CRC) provides distribution-free guarantees on segmentation quality by calibrating a prediction-set threshold on held-out data.