EviDx is a new framework for evidence-aware active diagnosis that pairs patient-specific diagnostic environments with a clinical scaffold and an observer-guided runtime harness. The framework constructs interactive environments from raw clinical cases, organizes role-specialized agents and evidence tools, and regulates diagnostic termination by tracking uncertainty and evidence coverage. Experiments demonstrate that EviDx improves diagnostic performance and process stability while revealing model-dependent capability boundaries.
arXiv:2510. 21324v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Chest X-ray (CXR) plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, and a variety of task-specific and foundation models have been developed for automatic CXR interpretation.
arXiv:2607. 15280v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sequential diagnosis requires balancing diagnostic accuracy against resource costs through iterative information gathering.
arXiv:2603. 01131v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Clinical diagnosis is a gradual process of evidence integration, in which physicians move from symptoms and medical history to examinations, competing hypotheses, disease relations, and treatment decisions.
arXiv:2610.16175v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world studies (RWS) analyze routinely collected healthcare data, such as electronic health records and insurance claims, to estimate treatment eff...
arXiv:2608.22899v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Unlike static medical question answering, long-horizon diagnosis captures the sequential nature of clinical practice: evidence is progressively acquire...
arXiv:2608.21948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex clinical reasoning requires models to update diagnostic hypotheses as new evidence emerges and to coordinate different medical specialities und...
The paper introduces MACD, a Multi-Agent Clinical Diagnosis framework that enables large language models to self‑learn clinical knowledge through a multi‑agent pipeline of summarization, refinement, and application. MACD is extended into a human‑AI collaborative workflow where multiple diagnostician agents consult iteratively, guided by a judge agent and human oversight. Evaluation on the MIMIC‑MACD cohort shows significant gains in diagnostic accuracy—an average 11.6 percentage‑point improvement over authoritative knowledge for open‑weight LLMs and an 18.3‑percentage‑point boost over physician‑only diagnosis in text‑only vignettes.
arXiv:2608.23397v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive clinical agents must gather decisive evidence and convert it into grounded actions under partial observability. A correct final diagnosis a...
The paper introduces Debate-Mixture-of-Agents (DMoA), a multi‑agent framework that structures role‑based interactions to mimic iterative diagnostic reasoning in clinical settings. Evaluated on 297 rare disease cases and 1,719 challenging cases, DMoA outperformed a GPT‑4o baseline, improving most likely diagnosis accuracy by 10.21 percentage points and safety rate by 11.36 percentage points. Ablation studies and further analyses revealed that these gains stem from the structured workflow rather than merely adding more models or longer outputs, and that performance benefits are influenced by the chosen structure, base model strength, and token budget.
The paper introduces ACTMED, a diagnostic framework that combines Bayesian Experimental Design with large language models to emulate real‑world clinical reasoning. ACTMED actively selects the most informative test at each step, using LLMs to simulate patient states and update beliefs without needing task‑specific training data. The authors evaluate the system on real datasets, demonstrating improvements in diagnostic accuracy, interpretability, and efficient resource use while keeping clinicians involved in the decision loop.
arXiv:2607. 08038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diagnostic error is a major threat to patient safety, yet current large language model (LLM) systems often treat diagnosis as a one-shot prediction task, lacking safeguards against missed high-risk alternatives or rigorous verification of their reasoning.
arXiv:2609.15161v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) driven multi-agent systems have shown promise in complex clinical reasoning, yet existing approaches rely on static strate...