Alignment, interpretability, red-teaming, bias and privacy: the research on what these systems do when they misbehave.
arXiv:2605. 16103v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Q-learning is known to suffer from overestimation bias: because the Bellman update maximizes noisy or imperfect action-value estimates, positive errors can be selected and propagated, causing learned values to exceed the true optimal values.
arXiv:2607. 03161v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In selective deployment, practitioners act only on a model-chosen subset of individuals based on predicted conditional average treatment effects, but marginal conformal guarantees need not control reliability on that selected subset.
arXiv:2601. 15334v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Whether language models possess sentience has no empirical answer.
arXiv:2607. 03770v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Prior studies have demonstrated that diffusion classifiers achieve robust zero-shot classification performance.
arXiv:2509. 17255v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present the first language-model-driven agentic artificial intelligence (AI) system to autonomously execute multi-stage physics experiments on a production synchrotron light source.
arXiv:2607. 05242v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Personalized incentive allocation is vital for e-commerce, where uplift modeling is the standard for estimating Individual Treatment Effects (ITE).
arXiv:2607. 02932v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Privacy is an important challenge when users interact with AI chatbots, since users may share sensitive information, explicitly or implicitly, and AI chatbots can use this information for user profiling.
arXiv:2607. 03847v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding why discovered scenarios become critical in scenario-based testing is essential for effectively leveraging them in decision-making systems.
arXiv:2607. 03624v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper challenges the assumption that vision-language models (VLMs) require fixed patch-based 2D vision features.
arXiv:2607. 04293v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Building AI Scientist agents with Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently attracted growing attention.
arXiv:2607. 05001v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports are predominantly unstructured, heterogeneous, and noisy, which limits their direct usability for automated analysis and reasoning.
arXiv:2607. 04061v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Distinguishing Large Language Model (LLM) generated text from human writing is a critical and difficult challenge.
arXiv:2603. 14504v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Optimizing the noise samples of diffusion and flow models is an increasingly popular approach to align these models to target rewards at inference time.
arXiv:2607. 03329v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conventional uniform convergence bounds and empirical risk minimization break down in massive over-parameterized models, such as large language transformers and biological sequence networks.
arXiv:2508. 16386v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study the problem of fair cohort selection under uncertainty, motivated by university admissions where applicant outcomes are only partially observed.
arXiv:2607. 04240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The transition of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive generators to autonomous agents has introduced significant challenges in reliability, security, and state management.
arXiv:2607. 03025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse areas of human activity-ranging from everyday tasks to safety-critical applications-aims to enhance decision-making effectiveness with minimal human feedback.
arXiv:2512. 22240v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Machine learning models are primarily judged by predictive performance, especially in applied genomics, where explanations are read as biological findings.
arXiv:2605. 28543v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLMs often default to equal treatment across cultural groups, even though context warrants differentiation: this is a lack of difference awareness.
arXiv:2510. 25599v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Regression tasks, notably in safety-critical domains, require reliable uncertainty quantification, yet the literature remains largely classification-focused.